Preparo do solo para a cultura da cana-de-açúcar: alternativas e persistência
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Data
2019-04-25
Autores
Mazaron, Bruno Henrique Silveira [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Aspectos relacionados à compactação do solo têm sido considerados como limitantes para o aumento da produtividade na cultura da canade- açúcar. Diante disso, o setor vem buscando alternativas para o preparo do solo por meio de sistemas que sejam capazes de melhorar a produtividade dos canaviais e, consequentemente, sua competitividade no mercado. Dentro desse contexto, este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade física do solo, por meio da avaliação da sua resistência à penetração, suas alterações e persistência no tempo, em decorrência de seu preparo com subsolagem na linha de plantio e em área total, e das possíveis interferências dos manejos na produtividade da cana-de-açúcar. O experimento foi conduzido no estado de São Paulo, em uma área localizada no município de Guariba, em um solo classificado como Latossolo Vermelho, e outra localizada no município de Monte Alto, em um solo classificado como Argissolo Amarelo. As áreas experimentais foram compostas por 20 parcelas cada e os tratamentos foram constituídos pelo preparo de solo com subsolagem na linha de plantio e outro com subsolagem em área total. As amostragens foram realizadas nas camadas de 0,00-0,10 m, 0,10-0,20 m e 0,20-0,40 m na linha de plantio e na entrelinha. A produção de colmos (t ha-1) foi determinada em cada uma das parcelas. A análise de variância foi realizada no delineamento, em parcelas grandes pareadas; e a comparação das médias das variáveis foi realizada utilizando-se o teste de Tukey, ao nível de significância de 5% de probabilidade (p<0,05). Foi realizado o teste T para verificar os efeitos dos tratamentos sobre a resistência do solo à penetração, avaliados por meio das diferenças entre os valores relacionados ao atributo no momento anterior ao preparo do solo. Nos dois solos avaliados, o preparo do solo com subsolagem na linha de plantio apresentou resultados semelhantes de resistência do solo à penetração e de produtividade da cana-de-açúcar, apresentando-se como alternativa para a substituição do manejo convencional com subsolagem em área total. Os efeitos da operação de subsolagem não foram persistentes no decorrer do tempo, apresentando resultados, aos seis meses após o plantio, semelhantes aos verificados antes do preparo do solo, tanto no Latossolo Vermelho, quanto no Argissolo Amarelo.
Soil compaction has been considered a limiting factor to the increasing of productivity in sugarcane crop. Therefore, the sector has been seeking alternatives for soil tillage through systems that are capable of improving sugarcane productivity and, consequently, its competitiveness in the market. In this context, this study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the physical soil quality through the evaluation of its resistance against penetration, its changes and perseveration in time, as a result of soil tillage with subsoiling in the planting line and in total area, and the possible interferences of managements during the productivity of sugarcane. The experiment was carried out in Guariba, SP, in a soil classified as Oxisol, and another one in Monte Alto, SP, in a soil classified as Ultisol. The experimental areas were composed of 20 plots each and the treatments were composed of soil tillage in the planting line and another one in total area. The samples were performed in the layers of 0.00-0.10 m, 0.10-0.20 m and 0.20-0.40 m in the planting line and in the interline. The productivity (t ha-1) was determined in each of the plots. The analysis of variance was performed in the design of paired large plots and the comparison of the means of the variables was performed using the Tukey test, at a significant level of the probability of 5% (p <0.05). The T test was performed to verify the effects of the treatments in the soil resistance against penetration, evaluated through the differences between the values related to the features at the moment before the soil tillage. In both soils, soil tillage in the planting line showed similar results to soil resistance against penetration, as soon as sugarcane productivity is an alternative of substitution for conventional management with soil tillage in total area. The effects of the soil tillage operation were not persistent over time, presenting results at six months after planting, were similar to those observed before soil tillage, both in the Oxisol and in the Ultisol.
Soil compaction has been considered a limiting factor to the increasing of productivity in sugarcane crop. Therefore, the sector has been seeking alternatives for soil tillage through systems that are capable of improving sugarcane productivity and, consequently, its competitiveness in the market. In this context, this study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the physical soil quality through the evaluation of its resistance against penetration, its changes and perseveration in time, as a result of soil tillage with subsoiling in the planting line and in total area, and the possible interferences of managements during the productivity of sugarcane. The experiment was carried out in Guariba, SP, in a soil classified as Oxisol, and another one in Monte Alto, SP, in a soil classified as Ultisol. The experimental areas were composed of 20 plots each and the treatments were composed of soil tillage in the planting line and another one in total area. The samples were performed in the layers of 0.00-0.10 m, 0.10-0.20 m and 0.20-0.40 m in the planting line and in the interline. The productivity (t ha-1) was determined in each of the plots. The analysis of variance was performed in the design of paired large plots and the comparison of the means of the variables was performed using the Tukey test, at a significant level of the probability of 5% (p <0.05). The T test was performed to verify the effects of the treatments in the soil resistance against penetration, evaluated through the differences between the values related to the features at the moment before the soil tillage. In both soils, soil tillage in the planting line showed similar results to soil resistance against penetration, as soon as sugarcane productivity is an alternative of substitution for conventional management with soil tillage in total area. The effects of the soil tillage operation were not persistent over time, presenting results at six months after planting, were similar to those observed before soil tillage, both in the Oxisol and in the Ultisol.
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Palavras-chave
Compactação, Manejo, Plantio direto, Preparo localizado