Telejornalismo e sites de redes sociais: um estudo sobre as mudanças recentes no modo de endereçamento do Jornal Nacional
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Data
2019-04-26
Autores
Bevilaqua, Leire Mara
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A televisão vivencia mais um momento de transformação impulsionado pela tecnologia e pelas práticas sociais e culturais vigentes. O processo de digitalização e a possibilidade de conexão em rede modificaram as concepções de tempo e espaço e trouxeram mudanças significativas aos formatos, às rotinas produtivas e até mesmo à forma como se consome o conteúdo televisivo. É um cenário em que novas e velhas audiências coexistem, reafirmando, mas também renovando contratos assumidos com a televisão. E o telejornalismo, enquanto instituição social, na concepção de Raymond Williams, não poderia passar indiferente a esse cenário. É por isso que, nesta pesquisa, busca-se compreender como o telejornal que está há mais tempo no ar no país, o Jornal Nacional da Rede Globo de Televisão, até a última década considerado um dos noticiários mais conservadores, vem modificando seu modo de endereçamento ao telespectador (GOMES, 2011) em razão da aproximação aos sites de redes sociais. Essa proximidade se dá principalmente com o Twitter, pelas características de fomento à conversação e agilidade na propagação de conteúdos no mesmo instante da transmissão televisiva. Parte-se, portanto, de uma investigação em busca do atual modo de endereçamento do Jornal Nacional a partir do operador de análise do contexto comunicativo, também estabelecido por Gomes (2011). Ele diz respeito à situação discursiva entre telespectador e telejornal, ou como esse último enxerga e posiciona o público. Entende-se que, na atualidade, esse posicionamento se dá a partir da televisão e também pelo perfil oficial do telejornal no Twitter. Assim, o corpus de análise é composto por situações identificadas durante a exibição do Jornal Nacional ao vivo, postagens feitas pela equipe no perfil oficial no Twitter antes e depois das transmissões, e interações de usuários da plataforma, telespectadores ou não do JN, durante a veiculação do noticiário. Os resultados demonstraram que há uma tentativa do Jornal Nacional de se apresentar mais próximo do público dos sites de redes sociais e aberto a críticas e sugestões. Um movimento que se dá a partir de mudanças na postura dos apresentadores, no uso de conteúdos dos sites de redes sociais, na abertura de espaços para intervenções de usuários na condução ao vivo, e até no reposicionamento de decisões editoriais.
Television is experiencing another transformation moment driven by technology and current social and cultural practices. The digitalization process and networking connection possibility changed the conceptions of time and space and brought significant changes to formats, to productive routines and even to the way television contente is consumed. This is a scenario in which new and old audiences coexist, reaffirming, but also renewing, contracts assumed with television. Television journalism, as a social institution, according to Raymond Williams’ conception, could not remain indifferent. That is why the aim of this research is to seek for an understanding of how Jornal Nacional of Rede Globo, the longest-running TV news on air in the coutry, being considered the most conservative one until the last decade, has been changing its way of addressing to the viewers (GOMES, 2011) due to an approach to social network sites. This approximation occurs mainly by Twitter, due to characteristics as conversation fostering and agility in content propagation during television broadcast. The investigation is centered on the communicative context analysis operator, also established by Gomes (2011), that concerns the discursive situation between television viewer and television news, or how the later sees and positions its public. This research undestand that, nowadays, this positioning occurs from television and also by the official television news profile on Twitter. Thus, the analysis corpus is composed of situations identified during the live broadcast of Jornal Nacional; posts made by the TV news professionals, before and after transmissions in the Twitter oficial profile; and interactions of platform users at the same time of exihbition, viewers of Jornal Nacional or not. The results showed that Jornal Nacional attempts to present itself closer to the social networking sites public and opened to criticism and suggestions. A movement that occurs since the changes in the newscaster’s posture, in the use of social networking sites content, in the moments for user’s interventions during live conduction, and even the editorial repositioning decisions.
Television is experiencing another transformation moment driven by technology and current social and cultural practices. The digitalization process and networking connection possibility changed the conceptions of time and space and brought significant changes to formats, to productive routines and even to the way television contente is consumed. This is a scenario in which new and old audiences coexist, reaffirming, but also renewing, contracts assumed with television. Television journalism, as a social institution, according to Raymond Williams’ conception, could not remain indifferent. That is why the aim of this research is to seek for an understanding of how Jornal Nacional of Rede Globo, the longest-running TV news on air in the coutry, being considered the most conservative one until the last decade, has been changing its way of addressing to the viewers (GOMES, 2011) due to an approach to social network sites. This approximation occurs mainly by Twitter, due to characteristics as conversation fostering and agility in content propagation during television broadcast. The investigation is centered on the communicative context analysis operator, also established by Gomes (2011), that concerns the discursive situation between television viewer and television news, or how the later sees and positions its public. This research undestand that, nowadays, this positioning occurs from television and also by the official television news profile on Twitter. Thus, the analysis corpus is composed of situations identified during the live broadcast of Jornal Nacional; posts made by the TV news professionals, before and after transmissions in the Twitter oficial profile; and interactions of platform users at the same time of exihbition, viewers of Jornal Nacional or not. The results showed that Jornal Nacional attempts to present itself closer to the social networking sites public and opened to criticism and suggestions. A movement that occurs since the changes in the newscaster’s posture, in the use of social networking sites content, in the moments for user’s interventions during live conduction, and even the editorial repositioning decisions.
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Palavras-chave
Telejornalismo, Sites de redes sociais, Modo de endereçamento, Jornal Nacional, TV journalism, Social Networking Sites, Addressing mode