PROJETO TELETANDEM BRASIL: um estudo do princípio da igualdade nas interações sob a ótica da alternância de códigos
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Data
2019-04-23
Autores
Picoli, Fabiana [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Esta pesquisa foi realizada no contexto do “Projeto Teletandem Brasil: línguas estrangeiras para todos”, na Unesp de Araraquara, tendo como objetivo verificar como o princípio da igualdade na modalidade de aprendizagem em teletandem tem sido colocado em prática pelos parceiros durante as interações, bem como as motivações que levam à prática da alternância de códigos entre os participantes. O referencial teórico baseia-se nos fundamentos da aprendizagem em teletandem, seus princípios norteadores, nas teorias sobre bilinguismo e code-switching. Essa pesquisa se encaixa no paradigma qualitativo e utiliza como metodologia o estudo de caso. O estudo em questão investigou três pares de teletandem constituídos por brasileiros e estrangeiros, que realizaram entre duas e quatro interações de teletandem por meio de videoconferência, pelo período de aproximadamente um mês. Os dados foram gerados por meio de gravações das interações, realizadas através do programa Evaer, que grava as imagens da webcam local e remota, bem como os áudios simultaneamente; pelas transcrições das falas de ambos os participantes (brasileiros e estrangeiros) e pela aplicação do questionário inicial e final. Elaboramos uma tabela para medir a quantidade de tempo utilizada na prática de ambas as línguas-alvo, a fim de verificar se o princípio da igualdade estava sendo cumprido durante as sessões de teletandem para, em seguida, quantificarmos as vezes que cada participante alternava de um código para o outro, pois acreditamos que a constante prática de alternância de códigos feriria a igualdade na relação de teletandem. Após essa etapa, analisamos todos os eventos de alternância de códigos encontrados durante as interações estudadas, com o intuito de elencarmos, em gráficos por parceria, quais as principais motivações para sua prática. A partir da análise dos dados, verificamos que as interações cumpriam, do ponto de vista do tempo, a igualdade, porém, do ponto de vista da constante prática da alternância de códigos havia parceiros se beneficiando menos na prática de sua língua-alvo. Da óptica das motivações para a prática das alternâncias de códigos, notamos que a acomodação foi a mais utilizada entre as três parcerias. Por meio da análise, concluímos que essa motivação é característica de bilíngues assimétricos, ou seja, bilíngues com maior conhecimento em uma língua, geralmente na língua materna, porém com menor conhecimento na língua-alvo (LE). Nossa pesquisa demonstra a importância de se refletir sobre o princípio da igualdade e os fatores que envolvem o seguimento desse princípio durante a realização das sessões, pelos participantes e mediadores, com vistas a otimizar a própria experiência de aprendizagem de língua estrangeira nesse contexto autônomo que é o Projeto Teletandem.
This research was carried out in the context of "Projeto Teletandem Brasil: línguas estrangeiras para todos”, at Unesp de Araraquara, aiming to verify how the principle of equality in the teletandem learning modality has been put into practice by the partners during the interactions, as well as the motivations that carry the practice of code-switching between participants. The theoretical framework is based on the fundamentals of teletandem learning, its guiding principles, on theories of bilingualism and code-switching. This research fits the qualitative paradigm and uses as methodology the case study. This study has investigated three teletandem pairs constituted of Brazilians and foreigner students, who have performed between two and four interactions of teletandem through videoconference, for a period of approximately one month. The data were collected through recording of the interactions, performed by the Evaer program, which records the images of the local and remote webcam as well as the audios simultaneously; by the transcription of the speeches of both participants (Brazilians and foreigners) and by the application of the initial and final questionnaire. We elaborated a table to register the amount of time that partners spent practicing both target languages, in order to verify whether the principle of equality was being met during the teletandem sessions and then quantify how often each participant switched from one to the other code, as we believe that the constant practice of code-switching would hurt the equality in the teletandem relationship. After this step, we analyzed all the code-switching events found during the interactions, with the intention of listing, in graphs by partnership, the main motivations for their practice. For the analysis of the data, we verified that the interactions have fulfilled, from the point of view of time, the principle of equality, however, from the point of view of the constant practice of code switching there were partners benefiting less in the practice of their target language. From the perspective of the motivations for the practice of code switching, we have noticed that accommodation was the most used one among the three partnerships. Through our analysis, we consider that this motivation is characteristic of asymmetric bilinguals, that is, bilinguals with greater knowledge in a language, usually in the mother language, but with less knowledge in the target language (LE). Our research demonstrates the importance of reflecting on the principle of equality and the factors that involve the follow-up of this principle during the sessions, by participants and mediators, in order to optimize one's own experience of learning a foreign language in this autonomous context.
This research was carried out in the context of "Projeto Teletandem Brasil: línguas estrangeiras para todos”, at Unesp de Araraquara, aiming to verify how the principle of equality in the teletandem learning modality has been put into practice by the partners during the interactions, as well as the motivations that carry the practice of code-switching between participants. The theoretical framework is based on the fundamentals of teletandem learning, its guiding principles, on theories of bilingualism and code-switching. This research fits the qualitative paradigm and uses as methodology the case study. This study has investigated three teletandem pairs constituted of Brazilians and foreigner students, who have performed between two and four interactions of teletandem through videoconference, for a period of approximately one month. The data were collected through recording of the interactions, performed by the Evaer program, which records the images of the local and remote webcam as well as the audios simultaneously; by the transcription of the speeches of both participants (Brazilians and foreigners) and by the application of the initial and final questionnaire. We elaborated a table to register the amount of time that partners spent practicing both target languages, in order to verify whether the principle of equality was being met during the teletandem sessions and then quantify how often each participant switched from one to the other code, as we believe that the constant practice of code-switching would hurt the equality in the teletandem relationship. After this step, we analyzed all the code-switching events found during the interactions, with the intention of listing, in graphs by partnership, the main motivations for their practice. For the analysis of the data, we verified that the interactions have fulfilled, from the point of view of time, the principle of equality, however, from the point of view of the constant practice of code switching there were partners benefiting less in the practice of their target language. From the perspective of the motivations for the practice of code switching, we have noticed that accommodation was the most used one among the three partnerships. Through our analysis, we consider that this motivation is characteristic of asymmetric bilinguals, that is, bilinguals with greater knowledge in a language, usually in the mother language, but with less knowledge in the target language (LE). Our research demonstrates the importance of reflecting on the principle of equality and the factors that involve the follow-up of this principle during the sessions, by participants and mediators, in order to optimize one's own experience of learning a foreign language in this autonomous context.
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Palavras-chave
Teletandem, Princípio da igualdade, Bilinguismo, Alternância de códigos, Ensino e aprendizagem, Principle of equality, Bilingualism, Code switching, Language learning