Biossólido e substratos comerciais na produção de mudas de espécies ornamentais
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Data
2019-05-03
Autores
Costa, Carla Rafaele Xavier [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O processo de produção de mudas é influenciado por vários fatores como o substrato e a época do ano; o substrato pode ser formulado no viveiro, a partir de matérias-primas diversas, como o biossólido ou, adquiridos no mercado. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento inicial de mudas de duas importantes espécies ornamentais Koelreuteria bipinnata Franch. e Beaucarnea recurvata Lem., produzidas em substratos preparados com diferentes proporções de biossólido e, também, em substratos comerciais, em duas épocas de semeadura, respectivamente. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação existente no Viveiro Experimental de Plantas Ornamentais e Florestais da Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal. Os experimentos foram realizados separadamente para as espécies e o delineamento experimental, em todos os experimentos, foi em blocos casualizados. Para estudar o efeito do biossólido, foram sete tratamentos, constituídos por misturas de diferentes proporções de solo e biossólido e um substrato comercial - testemunha; cinco repetições e 10 plantas por parcela. No estudo do efeito de substratos comerciais, em diferentes épocas de semeadura, os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial 3 x 2 (três substratos: Carolina Soil®, Basaplant® e Vermiculita, combinados com duas épocas: outono e primavera); quatro repetições e 10 plantas por parcela. Os dados quantitativos foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias do experimento com biossólido foram comparadas pelo teste de Scott Knott a 5% de probabilidade e do experimento com os substratos comerciais e épocas de semeadura pelo Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Concluiu-se que, o biossólido é adequado para o crescimento de mudas de K. bipinnata como componente de substrato na proporção de 80% de biossólido com 20% de terra de subsolo e 100% biossólido. E que as mudas de Beaucarnea recurvata Lem. apresentaram alta porcentagem de formação independente da época nos substratos Carolina Soil®, Basaplant® e Vermiculita, desenvolvimento mais rápido na primavera e mudas mais vigorosas nos substratos comerciais Carolina Soil® e Basaplant®.
The process of seedling production is influenced by several factors such as the substrate and the time of year; the substrate can be formulated in the nursery, from various raw materials such as biosolids or, purchased in the market. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the initial growth of two important ornamental species: Koelreuteria bipinnata Franch. and Beaucarnea recurvata Lem., produced in substrates prepared with different proportions of biosolids, and also in commercial substrates, in two sowing seasons, respectively. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse at the Experimental Nursery of Ornamental and Forest Plants, of the State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, Jaboticabal. The experiments were performed separately for the species and the experimental design was in randomized blocks in all experiments. In order to study the effect of biosolids, seven treatments were performed, consisting of mixtures of different proportions of soil and biosolid and a commercial substrate - control; five replicates and 10 plants per plot. In the study of the effect of commercial substrates, at different sowing times, the treatments were arranged in a 3 x 2 factorial scheme (three substrates: Carolina Soil®, Basaplant® and Vermiculite, combined with two seasons: autumn and spring); four replicates and 10 plants per plot. The quantitative data were submitted to analysis of variance and the averages of the biosolid experiment were compared by the Scott Knott test at 5% probability and the experiment with the commercial substrates and sowing times by Tukey at 5% probability. It was concluded that the biosolid is suitable for the growth of K. bipinnata seedlings as a substrate component in the proportion of 80% of biosolid with 20% of soil and 100% of biosolid. And that the seedlings of Beaucarnea recurvata Lem. presented a high percentage of formation, regardless of the season in the substrates Carolina Soil®, Basaplant® and Vermiculita, faster development in the spring and more vigorous seedlings in the commercial substrates Carolina Soil® and Basaplant®.
The process of seedling production is influenced by several factors such as the substrate and the time of year; the substrate can be formulated in the nursery, from various raw materials such as biosolids or, purchased in the market. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the initial growth of two important ornamental species: Koelreuteria bipinnata Franch. and Beaucarnea recurvata Lem., produced in substrates prepared with different proportions of biosolids, and also in commercial substrates, in two sowing seasons, respectively. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse at the Experimental Nursery of Ornamental and Forest Plants, of the State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, Jaboticabal. The experiments were performed separately for the species and the experimental design was in randomized blocks in all experiments. In order to study the effect of biosolids, seven treatments were performed, consisting of mixtures of different proportions of soil and biosolid and a commercial substrate - control; five replicates and 10 plants per plot. In the study of the effect of commercial substrates, at different sowing times, the treatments were arranged in a 3 x 2 factorial scheme (three substrates: Carolina Soil®, Basaplant® and Vermiculite, combined with two seasons: autumn and spring); four replicates and 10 plants per plot. The quantitative data were submitted to analysis of variance and the averages of the biosolid experiment were compared by the Scott Knott test at 5% probability and the experiment with the commercial substrates and sowing times by Tukey at 5% probability. It was concluded that the biosolid is suitable for the growth of K. bipinnata seedlings as a substrate component in the proportion of 80% of biosolid with 20% of soil and 100% of biosolid. And that the seedlings of Beaucarnea recurvata Lem. presented a high percentage of formation, regardless of the season in the substrates Carolina Soil®, Basaplant® and Vermiculita, faster development in the spring and more vigorous seedlings in the commercial substrates Carolina Soil® and Basaplant®.
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Palavras-chave
Fertilizante orgânico, lodo de esgoto, Produção de mudas, Sustentabilidade, Organic fertilizer, Sewage sludge, Seedling production, Sustainability