Iluminação para poedeiras comerciais
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Data
2019-06-07
Autores
Ouros, Caio César dos
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Com o objetivo de atualizar as informações relacionadas ao fornecimento de luz para as poedeiras comerciais modernas visando racionalizar o uso da energia elétrica nos sistemas de produção de ovos com manutenção ou melhoria do desempenho produtivo e qualidade dos ovos, foram realizados três experimentos. Em cada experimento foram utilizadas 480 aves da linhagem Lohmann LSL® distribuídas em delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro tratamentos e seis repetições de 20 aves cada. O experimento I foi realizado para avaliação do efeito do comprimento do fotoperíodo sendo: fotoperíodo 1 - 14 horas de luz e 10 horas de escuro (14L:10E); fotoperíodo 2 – 15 horas de luz e 9 horas de escuro (15L:9E); fotoperíodo 3 – 16 horas de luz e 8 horas de escuro (16L:8E); fotoperíodo 4 – 17 horas de luz e 7 horas de escuro (17L:7E). No experimento II foram testadas quatro iluminâncias: T1 – 5 lux; T2 – 10 lux; T3 – 15 lux; T4 – 20 lux. O fotoperíodo adotado foi o de 14L:10E que proporcionou o melhor resultado no experimento I. O experimento III foi realizado para avaliação de quatro programas de luz: contínuo (controle) – consistiu de um fotoperído único; intermitente 1 – consistiu no fornecimento de 1 hora de luz, uma hora antes do início fotoperíodo natural (manhã); intermitente 2 – consistiu no fornecimento de 30 minutos de luz, uma hora antes do início do fotoperiodo natural; intermitente 3 – consistiu no fornecimento de 15 minutos de luz, uma hora antes do início do fotoperíodo natural. O fotoperíodo e a iluminância adotados neste experimento foram de 14L:10E e 5 lux que proporcionaram melhores resultados nos experimentos I e II. Os parâmetros de desempenho avaliados foram: consumo de ração (g/ave/dia), produção de ovos (%), peso dos ovos (g), conversão alimentar (kg de ração/kg de ovos e kg de ração/ dz de ovos) e viabilidade (%). Para qualidade de ovos foram avaliados: gravidade específica (g/cm3), resistência da casca à quebra (gf), porcentagem de gema, albúmen e casca, espessura de casca (mm) e peso da casca por superfície de área (mg/cm2). No experimento I foi verificado que a utilização de 14 horas de fotoperíodo foi eficiente para manter os índices de produção e qualidade de ovos, com redução no consumo de ração, no experimento II a utilização de 5 lux não diferiu dos demais tratamentos, sendo assim uma possibilidade viável para utilização, já no experimento III a utilização de programas de luz intermitente se mostrou como uma alternativa eficiente para diminuir o tempo com as luzes ligadas e consequentemente redução no consumo de energia elétrica.
In order to update the information related to the light supply for modern commercial laying hens looking for rationalize the use of electric energy in egg production systems with maintenance or improvement of productive performance and egg quality, three experiments were carried out. In each experiment, 480 hens of the Lohmann LSL lineage were distributed in a randomized block design with four treatments and six replicates of 20 animals each. The experiment I was carried out to evaluate the photoperiod length: photoperiod 1 - 14 hours of light and 10 hours of dark (14L: 10D); photoperiod 2 - 15 hours of light and 9 hours of dark (15L: 9D); photoperiod 3 - 16 hours of light and 8 hours of dark (16L: 8D); photoperiod 4 - 17 hours of light and 7 hours of dark (17L: 7D). In experiment II four illuminances were tested: T1 - 5 lux; T2 - 10 lux; T3 - 15 lux; T4 - 20 lux. The photoperiod was 14L: 10D that provided the best result in experiment I. Experiment III was performed to evaluate four light programs: continuous (control) - consisted of a single photoperiod; intermittent 1 - consisted of providing 1 hour of light, one hour before the start of natural photoperiod (morning); intermittent 2 - consisted of the supply of 30 minutes of light, one hour before the beginning of the natural photoperiod; intermittent 3 - consisted of providing 15 minutes of light, one hour before the start of the natural photoperiod. The photoperiod and illuminance adopted in this experiment were 14L:10D and 5 lux that provided better results in experiments I and II. The performance parameters evaluated were: feed intake (g/animal/day), egg production (%), egg weight (g), feed conversion (kg of feed / kg of eggs and kg of feed / dz of eggs) and viability (%). For the quality of eggs: egg specific gravity (g/cm3), eggshell breaking strength (gf), percentage of yolk, albumen and eggshell, eggshell thickness (mm) and eggshell weight per surface area (mg/cm2). In experiment I, it was verified that the use of 14 hours of photoperiod was efficient to maintain egg production and quality indexes, with reduction in feed intake. In experiment II, the use of 5 lux did not differ from the other treatments,and become a possibility for use, in experiment III the use of intermittent light programs was shown as an efficient alternative to reduce the time with the lights on and consequently reduction in the consumption of electric energy.
In order to update the information related to the light supply for modern commercial laying hens looking for rationalize the use of electric energy in egg production systems with maintenance or improvement of productive performance and egg quality, three experiments were carried out. In each experiment, 480 hens of the Lohmann LSL lineage were distributed in a randomized block design with four treatments and six replicates of 20 animals each. The experiment I was carried out to evaluate the photoperiod length: photoperiod 1 - 14 hours of light and 10 hours of dark (14L: 10D); photoperiod 2 - 15 hours of light and 9 hours of dark (15L: 9D); photoperiod 3 - 16 hours of light and 8 hours of dark (16L: 8D); photoperiod 4 - 17 hours of light and 7 hours of dark (17L: 7D). In experiment II four illuminances were tested: T1 - 5 lux; T2 - 10 lux; T3 - 15 lux; T4 - 20 lux. The photoperiod was 14L: 10D that provided the best result in experiment I. Experiment III was performed to evaluate four light programs: continuous (control) - consisted of a single photoperiod; intermittent 1 - consisted of providing 1 hour of light, one hour before the start of natural photoperiod (morning); intermittent 2 - consisted of the supply of 30 minutes of light, one hour before the beginning of the natural photoperiod; intermittent 3 - consisted of providing 15 minutes of light, one hour before the start of the natural photoperiod. The photoperiod and illuminance adopted in this experiment were 14L:10D and 5 lux that provided better results in experiments I and II. The performance parameters evaluated were: feed intake (g/animal/day), egg production (%), egg weight (g), feed conversion (kg of feed / kg of eggs and kg of feed / dz of eggs) and viability (%). For the quality of eggs: egg specific gravity (g/cm3), eggshell breaking strength (gf), percentage of yolk, albumen and eggshell, eggshell thickness (mm) and eggshell weight per surface area (mg/cm2). In experiment I, it was verified that the use of 14 hours of photoperiod was efficient to maintain egg production and quality indexes, with reduction in feed intake. In experiment II, the use of 5 lux did not differ from the other treatments,and become a possibility for use, in experiment III the use of intermittent light programs was shown as an efficient alternative to reduce the time with the lights on and consequently reduction in the consumption of electric energy.
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Palavras-chave
dia subjetivo, fotoperíodo, iluminância, produção de ovos, egg production, illumination, photoperiod, subjective day