Impacto do treinamento intermitente de alta intensidade sobre a função cognitiva, alterações morfológicas e imunometabólicas sistêmica de adultos com obesidade
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Data
2019-06-18
Autores
Yoshimura, Daniela Sayuri Inoue
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O treinamento aeróbio intermitente de alta intensidade, conhecido como HIIT (high-intensity intermittent training) vem ganhando popularidade como um exercício aeróbio mais atrativo, agradável e tempo-eficiente para adquirir benefícios à saúde. Geralmente, o treinamento aeróbio contínuo de intensidade moderada (MICT, moderate-intensity continuous training) é indicado como uma melhor maneira para tratamento da obesidade e diversos estudos têm comparado a eficiência do HIIT com MICT sobre diferentes parâmetros, porém com a limitação de uma eficiente equalização de carga de trabalho, tornando os resultados dúbios. Além disso, ainda não existem evidências de como o HIIT poderia impactar positivamente variáveis imunometabólicas e da função cognitiva que poderiam estar relacionadas às isoformas de BDNF bem como a expressão de proteínas envolvidas na sua clivagem (furina, tPA e MMP- 9) e de seus receptores (p75 e sortilina, por exemplo). Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o impacto do HIIT sobre a função cognitiva, alterações morfológicas e imunometabólicas sistêmica de jovens com obesidade. Participaram deste estudo 22 homens com obesidade previamente sedentários, alocados de maneira randomizada em grupo HIIT ou MICT, os quais tiveram a carga de trabalho equiparados pelo gasto energético. Foi avaliado a composição corporal, aptidão física, desempenho cognitivo e variáveis imunometabólicas no início e ao término das seis semanas de treinamento (realizado 3x por semana). E relação à composição corporal, houve reduções na gordura corporal total além melhoras na circunferência de cintura e gordura subcutânea que podem ter corroborado com a melhora imunometabólica através de uma menor resistência à insulina e diminuição das concentrações de ácidos graxos livres, além das reduções da pressão arterial sistólica, em ambos os grupos de treinamento. Para o BDNF, nem a isoforma madura (mBDNF)ou proBDNF apresentaram alterações nas concentrações de jejum, porém seis semanas de MICT e HIIT levaram ao aumento das concentrações de mBDNF em resposta à sessão de exercício. Referente aos aspectos moleculares, MICT levou à menor expressão de NFkB ao contrário de HIIT que levou a maior expressão dessa proteína bem como da MMP-9. Além disso, MICT e HIIT aumentou a expressão de sortilina. Como conclusão, seis semanas de HIIT promoveu benefícios na composição corporal, aptidão física, resistência à insulina e função cognitiva em homens com obesidade de forma equivalente ao MICT, porém com efeito tempo-eficiente.
High-intensity intermittent training (HIIT) is turning popular as a more attractive, enjoyable and time-efficient aerobic exercise to develop health benefits. Generally, moderateintensity continuous training (MICT) is indicated as a better way to treat obesity and several studies have compared the efficiency of HIIT with MICT over different parameters, but with the limitation of an efficient workload equalization, making the results dubious. In addition, there is as yet no evidence how HIIT could positively impact immunometabolic and cognitive function variables that could be related to BDNF isoforms as well as the expression of proteins involved in their cleavage (furin, tPA and MMP-9) and their receptors (p75 and sortilin, for example). Therefore, the aim of this study was verify the impact of HIIT on the cognitive function, morphological and immunometabolic changes of adults with obesity. Twenty-two men with previously sedentary obesity, randomly assigned to a HIIT or MICT group, participated in this study, who had the workload matched by energy expenditure. Body composition, physical fitness, cognitive performance and immunometabolic variables were evaluated at the beginning and at the end of the six weeks of training (performed 3x per week). Regarding body composition, there were reductions in total body fat, besides improvements in waist circumference and subcutaneous fat that may have corroborated with the immunometabolic improvement through a lower insulin resistance and a decrease in free fatty acids concentrations, besides the reductions of systolic blood pressure in both training groups. Regarding BDNF, neither the mature isoform (mBDNF) or proBDNF has shown changes in fasting concentrations, but six weeks of MICT and HIIT have led to increased mBDNF concentrations in response to the exercise session. Regarding molecular aspects, MICT has led to lower expression of NFκB as opposed to HIIT that has led to higher expression of this protein as well as MMP-9. In addition, MICT and HIIT increased the expression of sortilin. In conclusion, six weeks of HIIT promoted benefits in body composition, physical fitness, insulin resistance and cognitive function in men with obesity equivalent to MICT, but with a timeefficient effect.
High-intensity intermittent training (HIIT) is turning popular as a more attractive, enjoyable and time-efficient aerobic exercise to develop health benefits. Generally, moderateintensity continuous training (MICT) is indicated as a better way to treat obesity and several studies have compared the efficiency of HIIT with MICT over different parameters, but with the limitation of an efficient workload equalization, making the results dubious. In addition, there is as yet no evidence how HIIT could positively impact immunometabolic and cognitive function variables that could be related to BDNF isoforms as well as the expression of proteins involved in their cleavage (furin, tPA and MMP-9) and their receptors (p75 and sortilin, for example). Therefore, the aim of this study was verify the impact of HIIT on the cognitive function, morphological and immunometabolic changes of adults with obesity. Twenty-two men with previously sedentary obesity, randomly assigned to a HIIT or MICT group, participated in this study, who had the workload matched by energy expenditure. Body composition, physical fitness, cognitive performance and immunometabolic variables were evaluated at the beginning and at the end of the six weeks of training (performed 3x per week). Regarding body composition, there were reductions in total body fat, besides improvements in waist circumference and subcutaneous fat that may have corroborated with the immunometabolic improvement through a lower insulin resistance and a decrease in free fatty acids concentrations, besides the reductions of systolic blood pressure in both training groups. Regarding BDNF, neither the mature isoform (mBDNF) or proBDNF has shown changes in fasting concentrations, but six weeks of MICT and HIIT have led to increased mBDNF concentrations in response to the exercise session. Regarding molecular aspects, MICT has led to lower expression of NFκB as opposed to HIIT that has led to higher expression of this protein as well as MMP-9. In addition, MICT and HIIT increased the expression of sortilin. In conclusion, six weeks of HIIT promoted benefits in body composition, physical fitness, insulin resistance and cognitive function in men with obesity equivalent to MICT, but with a timeefficient effect.
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Palavras-chave
Tecido adiposo, Cognição, Neuroinflamação, Cortisol, Atividade física, Adipose tissue, Cognition, Neuroinflammation, Cortisol, Physical activity