Avaliação da vibração de corpo inteiro em usuários de cadeira de rodas: influência para o design de almofadas
Carregando...
Data
2019-06-06
Autores
Ferreira, Ana Cristina Maurício
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Dos dispositivos de auxílio à mobilidade, a cadeira de rodas é o mais utilizado, proporcionando ao usuário, além do deslocamento, melhora na qualidade de vida, na saúde, no bem-estar social e econômico. É um equipamento comumente utilizado por tempo prolongado, estando sujeito à ocorrência de vibração e consequente transmissão da Vibração de Corpo Inteiro (VCI) ao usuário por meio das superfícies de contato, como os apoios para braços, pés, cabeça, encosto e assento. A VCI pode causar danos à saúde do usuário de cadeira de rodas se os seus níveis ultrapassarem os limites seguros. Desta forma, o objetivo principal deste trabalho foi verificar a influência das almofadas nos níveis de vibração transmitidos aos usuários de cadeira de rodas, tendo como principal foco de estudo a análise de diferentes tipos de almofadas e a vibração transmitida ao longo do eixo z, o mais afetado em posições sentadas. Também foram avaliadas as almofadas implementadas com uma superfície plana de madeira compensada. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, aplicada, exploratória, experimental e transversal realizada com vinte e sete voluntários do gênero masculino, não usuários de cadeira de rodas. Os resultados mostram que a cadeira de rodas sem almofada transmite o menor nível de vibração [WAz=0,39m/s2]. As almofadas comerciais obtiveram valores de VCI entre WAz=0,45m/s2 e WAz=0,52m/s2. Os assentos implementados com uma superfície de madeira compensada apresentaram níveis de VCI de WAz=0,41m/s2 a WAz=0,44m/s2. Concluiu-se que as almofadas comerciais ampliam a vibração se comparadas a cadeira de rodas sem almofadas, sendo que os níveis de VCI aferidos na pesquisa são relevantes, muitas vezes ultrapassando o nível de ação, podendo interferir nas atividades rotineiras, assim como causar desconforto e danos à saúde ao longo do tempo. Também foi possível concluir que, ao se inserir uma superfície de madeira sob as almofadas, esta capta a vibração e a transmite ao usuário em níveis mais baixos, sugerindo que apesar da dificuldade em evitar a vibração, ela pode ser atenuada por meio de uma superfície sob a almofada que absorva, parcialmente, as ondas oscilatórias.
Of the wheelchair mobility aids is the most used, providing the user, beides the displacement, improvement in the quaçity of life, health, social and economic well-being. It is a commonly used equipment for a long time, being subject to the occurrence of vibration and consequent transmission of Whole Body Vibration (WBV) to the user through contact surfaces, such as armrests, feet, headrest, backrest and seat. WBV can cause damage to the health of a wheelchair user if their levels exceed safe limits. In this way, the main objective of this work was to verify the influence of the cushions on the vibration levels transmitted to the wheelchair users, having as main focus the analysis of different types of cushions and the vibration transmitted along the z axis, the most affected in segred positions. Also evaluated were the pillows implemented with a flat plywood surface. It is a quantitative, applied, exploratory, experimental and cross-sectional study carried out with twenty-seve male volunteers, not wheelchair users. The results show that the wheelchair without cushion transmits the lowest level of vibration {WAz=0.39m/s2]. The commercial cushions obtained WBV values between WAz=0.45m/22 and WAz=0.52m/s2. The seats implemented with a plywood surface showed WBV levels of WAz=0.41m/s2 at WAz=0.44m/s2. It was concluded that the commercial cushions amplify the vibration when compared to the wheelchair without cushions, and the WBV levels measured in the research are relevant, often exceeding the level of action, being able to interfere in routine activities, as well as cause discomfort and damages to health over time. It was possible to conclude that by insertin a wooden surface under the cushions, it picks up the vibration and transmits it to the user at lower levels, suggesting that despite the difficulty in avoiding vibration, it can be attenuated by means of a surface under the cushion that partially absorbs oscullatory waves.
Of the wheelchair mobility aids is the most used, providing the user, beides the displacement, improvement in the quaçity of life, health, social and economic well-being. It is a commonly used equipment for a long time, being subject to the occurrence of vibration and consequent transmission of Whole Body Vibration (WBV) to the user through contact surfaces, such as armrests, feet, headrest, backrest and seat. WBV can cause damage to the health of a wheelchair user if their levels exceed safe limits. In this way, the main objective of this work was to verify the influence of the cushions on the vibration levels transmitted to the wheelchair users, having as main focus the analysis of different types of cushions and the vibration transmitted along the z axis, the most affected in segred positions. Also evaluated were the pillows implemented with a flat plywood surface. It is a quantitative, applied, exploratory, experimental and cross-sectional study carried out with twenty-seve male volunteers, not wheelchair users. The results show that the wheelchair without cushion transmits the lowest level of vibration {WAz=0.39m/s2]. The commercial cushions obtained WBV values between WAz=0.45m/22 and WAz=0.52m/s2. The seats implemented with a plywood surface showed WBV levels of WAz=0.41m/s2 at WAz=0.44m/s2. It was concluded that the commercial cushions amplify the vibration when compared to the wheelchair without cushions, and the WBV levels measured in the research are relevant, often exceeding the level of action, being able to interfere in routine activities, as well as cause discomfort and damages to health over time. It was possible to conclude that by insertin a wooden surface under the cushions, it picks up the vibration and transmits it to the user at lower levels, suggesting that despite the difficulty in avoiding vibration, it can be attenuated by means of a surface under the cushion that partially absorbs oscullatory waves.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Tecnologia assistiva, Cadeira de rodas, Almofada de cadeira de rodas, Vibração, Vibração de corpo inteiro, Assistive technology, Wheelchair, Wheelchair cushion, Vibration, Whole body vibration