Um breve panorama das Matemáticas Mistas e seus desdobramentos
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Data
2019-05-21
Autores
Godoy, Kleyton Vinicyus
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Realizamos um histórico da introdução das “matemáticas mistas”, e identificamos que o filósofo Francis Bacon (1561-1626) é creditado por meio das publicações “Proficience and Advancement of Learnings” em 1605 e “De Dignitate et Augmentis Scientiarum” em 1623. Entretanto, para responder questões pertinentes da Filosofia Natural, essa classificação matemática gerou um conflito entre as ciências matemáticas e a metafísica. Desse modo, as ciências físico-matemáticas surgem como uma tentativa de utilizar a matemática para abordar tópicos relacionados as causas naturais do mundo real. No ano de 1751, Jean le Rond D'Alembert (1717-1783), realizou uma nova classificação dos conhecimentos humanos, divulgada na obra Discours Préliminaire, que foi o texto de abertura da primeira edição da Encyclopédie, editada em conjunto com Denis Diderot (1713-1784). No que se refere a matemática, foi mantida como uma ramificação da metafísica, mas essa nova classificação a dividiu em: “matemática pura”, “matemática mista” e “ciências físico-matemáticas”. Porém, no decorrer do século XVIII, estimulado principalmente pelas críticas de Kant (1724-1804) em relação ao conhecimento puro, se deu início a uma discussão quanto a metafísica, e consequentemente refletiu nas ciências que estavam subordinadas a esse ramo do conhecimento. Desse modo, o século XIX culminou no desuso da expressão “matemáticas mistas”, contudo, veremos que essas ciências forneceram elementos para fomentar o aparecimento das “matemáticas aplicadas”, bem como contribuíram para o desenvolvimento de teorias da “matemática pura”. Além disso, investigaremos no contexto da Revolução Industrial, a importância das “matemáticas mistas” e das ciências físico-matemáticas no desenvolvimento tecnológico. Portanto, fixamos um local: Inglaterra; e uma sociedade científica: Sociedade Lunar de Birmingham. Assim, concluímos que essas contribuições consistiram principalmente na modernização de máquinas a vapor para dinamizar o processo de produção nas fábricas.
Our aim is to realize a history of the introduction of the "mixed mathematics", and we find that the philosopher Francis Bacon (1561-1626) is credited through the publications "Proficiency and Advancement of Learnings" in 1605 and "De Dignitate et Augmentis Scientiarum" in 1623. However, to answer pertinent questions of Natural Philosophy, this mathematical classification generated a conflict between the mathematical sciences and metaphysics. In this way, the physico-mathematics sciences appeared as an attempt to use mathematics to address topics related to the natural causes of the real world. In 1751, Jean le Rond D'Alembert (1717-1783), made a new classification of human knowledge, published in the Discours Préliminaire, which was the opening text of the first edition of the Encyclopedie, edited together with Denis Diderot 1713-1784). As far as mathematics is concerned, was maintained as a branch of metaphysics, but this new classification divided it into "pure mathematics", "mixed mathematics" and "physico-mathematics sciences". But in the course of the eighteenth century, stimulated mainly by Kant (1724-1804) and his critiques of pure knowledge, a discussion of metaphysics began, and consequently reflected in the sciences which were subordinate to this branch of knowledge. The 19th century culminated in the disuse of the expression "mixed mathematics," however, these sciences provided elements to foster the emergence of "applied mathematics" as well as contributed to the development of theories of "pure mathematics". In addition, we will investigate in the context of the Industrial Revolution the importance of "mixed mathematics" and of the physico-mathematics sciences in technological development. Therefore, we fixed a place: England; and a scientific society: Lunar Society of Birmingham. Thus, we conclude that these contributions consisted mainly in the modernization of steam engines to streamline the production process in the factories.
Our aim is to realize a history of the introduction of the "mixed mathematics", and we find that the philosopher Francis Bacon (1561-1626) is credited through the publications "Proficiency and Advancement of Learnings" in 1605 and "De Dignitate et Augmentis Scientiarum" in 1623. However, to answer pertinent questions of Natural Philosophy, this mathematical classification generated a conflict between the mathematical sciences and metaphysics. In this way, the physico-mathematics sciences appeared as an attempt to use mathematics to address topics related to the natural causes of the real world. In 1751, Jean le Rond D'Alembert (1717-1783), made a new classification of human knowledge, published in the Discours Préliminaire, which was the opening text of the first edition of the Encyclopedie, edited together with Denis Diderot 1713-1784). As far as mathematics is concerned, was maintained as a branch of metaphysics, but this new classification divided it into "pure mathematics", "mixed mathematics" and "physico-mathematics sciences". But in the course of the eighteenth century, stimulated mainly by Kant (1724-1804) and his critiques of pure knowledge, a discussion of metaphysics began, and consequently reflected in the sciences which were subordinate to this branch of knowledge. The 19th century culminated in the disuse of the expression "mixed mathematics," however, these sciences provided elements to foster the emergence of "applied mathematics" as well as contributed to the development of theories of "pure mathematics". In addition, we will investigate in the context of the Industrial Revolution the importance of "mixed mathematics" and of the physico-mathematics sciences in technological development. Therefore, we fixed a place: England; and a scientific society: Lunar Society of Birmingham. Thus, we conclude that these contributions consisted mainly in the modernization of steam engines to streamline the production process in the factories.
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História da Matemática, Filosofia da Matemática, Matemática Mista, Matemática Pura, Físico-Matemática, History of Mathematics, Philosophy of Mathematics, Mixed Mathematics, Pure Mathematics, Physico-Mathematics