Gestão de políticas públicas voltadas ao atendimento de crianças e adolescentes
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Data
2019-05-10
Autores
Gazeta, Bruna Alves
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo geral compreender a gestão das políticas sociais para a infância e adolescência na perspectiva democrática e participativa através das políticas de Assistência Social e da Educação no Município de Franca-SP, na busca de compreender os impactos destas ações na garantia dos direitos da criança e do adolescente. Desta forma, é imprencindivel uma gestão comprometida com uma gestão democrática e participativa que visa à efetivação eminente das políticas. Para tanto a pesquisa se fundamenta na perspectiva crítica se apoiando no método materialismo histórico-dialético, já que, permite uma apreensão real dos fenômenos na busca da transformação da realidade. A pesquisa se deu com abordagem qualitativa e os procedimentos metodológicos se deram por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica e pesquisa documental. Assim, esta permitiu uma apreensão teórica, que foi capaz de trazer uma compreensão da formação sócio-histórica brasileira, transitando por questões históricas, sociais, economicas e culturais. Fatores históricos e culturais, impulsionaram para a legitimação das políticas enquanto direito. A história da infãncia e adolêscencia frente aos complexos determinantes da sociedade brasileira resulta em uma história marcada pela violência e pela violação dos direitos à crianças e adolescentes. As ações para a proteção à infância e adolescência se davam por meio da filantropia e com ações repressivas, se legitimando enquando direito somente com a Constituição Federal de 1988 e posterior em 1990 a instauração do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA). Os 29 anos de legitimação do ECA, trouxeram avanços legais no que tange a proteção à infância e adolescência, mas ainda não se concretizou enquanto um direito de todas as crianças e adolescentes. O acesso ao direito no Brasil é definido pela cor, raça, etnia e classe econômica. A análise da política de educação e da assistência no Município de Franca é pautada na gestão democrática e participativa. Por meio dos Planos Municipais foi possível analisar o impacto desta gestão frente às políticas de assistência social e de educação voltadas para o atendimento de crianças e adolescentes. As ações de ambas as políticas se concretizam no Município, mas só podemos dizer que elas são efetivas quando todas as crianças e adolescentes tiverem os mesmos direitos de acesso, salvos de qualquer forma de violação.
The objective of this research was to understand the management of social policies for children and adolescents in the democratic and participatory perspective through Social Assistance and Education policies in the city of Franca, SP, in the search to understand the impacts of these actions in the rights of children and adolescents. In this way, a management committed to a democratic and participatory management that aims at the effective implementation of policies is indispensable. For this, the research is based on the critical perspective, based on the method of historical-dialectical materialism, since it allows a real apprehension of the phenomena in the search for the transformation of reality. The research was carried out with a qualitative approach and the methodological procedures were done through bibliographical research and documentary research. Thus, this allowed a theoretical apprehension, which was able to bring an understanding of Brazilian socio-historical formation, transiting through historical, social, economic and cultural issues. Historical and cultural factors have boosted the legitimacy of policies as a right. The history of childhood and adolescence in relation to the complex determinants of Brazilian society results in a history marked by violence and violation of the rights of children and adolescents. Actions to protect children and adolescents were carried out through philanthropy and repressive actions, legitimating only the Federal Constitution of 1988 and later in 1990 the establishment of the Statute of the Child and Adolescent (ECA). The 29 years of legitimacy of the ECA, have brought legal advances regarding the protection of children and adolescents, but has not yet come to fruition as a right of all children and adolescents. Access to law in Brazil is defined by color, race, ethnicity and economic class. The analysis of education policy and assistance in the Municipality of Franca is based on democratic and participatory management. Through the Municipal Plans it was possible to analyze the impact of this management on the policies of social assistance and education aimed at the care of children and adolescents. The actions of both policies take place in the Municipality, but we can only say that they are effective when all children and adolescents have the same access rights, saved from any form of violation.
The objective of this research was to understand the management of social policies for children and adolescents in the democratic and participatory perspective through Social Assistance and Education policies in the city of Franca, SP, in the search to understand the impacts of these actions in the rights of children and adolescents. In this way, a management committed to a democratic and participatory management that aims at the effective implementation of policies is indispensable. For this, the research is based on the critical perspective, based on the method of historical-dialectical materialism, since it allows a real apprehension of the phenomena in the search for the transformation of reality. The research was carried out with a qualitative approach and the methodological procedures were done through bibliographical research and documentary research. Thus, this allowed a theoretical apprehension, which was able to bring an understanding of Brazilian socio-historical formation, transiting through historical, social, economic and cultural issues. Historical and cultural factors have boosted the legitimacy of policies as a right. The history of childhood and adolescence in relation to the complex determinants of Brazilian society results in a history marked by violence and violation of the rights of children and adolescents. Actions to protect children and adolescents were carried out through philanthropy and repressive actions, legitimating only the Federal Constitution of 1988 and later in 1990 the establishment of the Statute of the Child and Adolescent (ECA). The 29 years of legitimacy of the ECA, have brought legal advances regarding the protection of children and adolescents, but has not yet come to fruition as a right of all children and adolescents. Access to law in Brazil is defined by color, race, ethnicity and economic class. The analysis of education policy and assistance in the Municipality of Franca is based on democratic and participatory management. Through the Municipal Plans it was possible to analyze the impact of this management on the policies of social assistance and education aimed at the care of children and adolescents. The actions of both policies take place in the Municipality, but we can only say that they are effective when all children and adolescents have the same access rights, saved from any form of violation.
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Palavras-chave
Gestão democrática e participativa, Gestão de políticas sociais, Criança e adolescente, Democratic and participatory management, Management of social policies, Child and teenager