Resposta da imunoglobulina A, cortisol e testosterona em duas sessões de treinamento de futebolistas semiprofissionais
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Data
2019-06-12
Autores
Seidinger, Sylvia Chedid
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
INTRODUÇÃO: O treinamento no futebol pode ser exigente para os jovens atletas devido ao excesso de cobrança com relação ao seu desempenho físico, técnico-tático e psicológico, o que influenciar o funcionamento dos seus sistemas orgânicos e interferir no seu desempenho. Analisar e interpretar essas alterações pode auxiliar no planejamento e na organização adequada dos treinamentos atenuando o possível declínio do rendimento dos atletas. OBJETIVO: Analisar a resposta da imunoglobulina salivar A (SIgA) e dos hormônios esteroides cortisol e testosterona em duas sessões de treinamento diferentes de jovens futebolistas semiprofissionais. METODOLOGIA: A amostra foi composta por 12 atletas de futebol do sexo masculino e da categoria sub19 de um time semiprofissional da cidade de Presidente Prudente (SP). Foram realizadas avaliações antropométricas e de composição corporal e coletas salivares para dosagem de cortisol (CS), testosterona (TS) e SIgA. Foram monitoras duas sessões de treinamento: jogo-treino (JT) e uma sessão de treinamento usual da equipe (TT). Foi realizado um JT respeitando as regras do futebol e contra uma equipe que disputaria o mesmo campeonato da equipe avaliada no presente estudo. O TT foi composto por atividades de condicionamento físico, técnicas e táticas específicas do futebol. As coletas salivares foram realizadas antes e após as sessões de treinamento. A saliva coletada foi dosada por ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA) e Kits Salimetrics, seguindo instruções do fabricante. Para o tratamento estatístico foi realizado o teste de normalidade de Shapiro-Wilk e com base nos parâmetros fornecidos foi decidida pela estatística não paramétrica. A apresentação dos resultados referentes à caracterização da amostra foi realizada pela estatística descritiva, com média e desvio padrão. As comparações dos deltas absolutos obtidos após o JT e TT foram realizadas por meio da análise de covariância (ANCOVA), as covariáveis utilizadas no modelo foram pico de velocidade de crescimento e tempo total de treinamento, a qual gerou médias estimadas. Todas as análises estatísticas foram realizadas utilizando o programa SPSS (versão 22) e a significância estatística estabelecida em 5%. RESULTADOS: As concentrações de TS foram maiores no JT (média = 32,0; IC= 11,3; 52,7), apesar de não haver diferença significativa (p-valor = 0,157), o tamanho do efeito foi considerado moderado (ES-r = 0,097). As concentrações de CS aumentaram no JT (0,8; IC = 0,5; 1,0) e diminuíram no TT (-0,3; IC = -0,5; 1,0) com significância estatística (p-valor = 0,000) e um tamanho de efeito elevado (ES-r = 0,612). A razão testosterona/cortisol (T/C) diminuiu no JT (-1239,8; IC= -2869,3; 389,8) e no TT ela aumentou (1372,6; IC= -257,0; 3002,1), e apesar de não haver diferença significativa (p-valor = 0,087), o tamanho do efeito foi considerado moderado (ES-r = 0,139). As concentrações de SIgAabs foram maiores no TT (3,8; IC = 0,5; 7,0), e apesar de não haver diferença significativa (p-valor = 0,209), o tamanho do efeito foi considerado moderado (ES-r = 0,071). CONCLUSÕES: Um JT pode ser mais exigente para o organismo de atletas semiprofissionais de futebol da categoria sub19, tendo em vista que promoveu elevação do CS, quando comparado a uma sessão de treinamento técnica-tática e de condicionamento físico.
INTRODUCTION: Football training can be strenous for young athletes due to the demands in relation to their physical, technical-tactical and psychological performance, which influences the functioning of their organic systems and interferes in their performance. Analyzing and interpreting these changes can optimize the planning and organization of training, improving the performance of athletes. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the response of salivary immunoglobulin A (SIgA) and steroid hormones cortisol and testosterone in two different training sessions of young semiprofessional soccer players. METHODS: The sample consisted of 12 male soccer players and the sub 19 category of a semiprofessional team from the city of Presidente Prudente (SP). Anthropometric and body composition measurements were performed and salivary collection for analysis cortisol (CS), testosterone (TS) and SIgA. Two training sessions were analyzed: game-training (JT) and a usual training session of the team (TT). A JT was observed respecting the rules of the soccer and against a team that would dispute the same championship of the evaluated team in the present study. The TT was composed of specific physical conditioning activities, techniques and tactics of soccer. Salivary collections were performed before and after the training sessions. The collected saliva was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Salimetrics kits, following the manufacturer's instructions. For the statistical analysis, the normality test of Shapiro-Wilk was performed and based on the parameters provided it was decided by non-parametric statistics. The presentation of the results regarding the characterization of the sample was performed by descriptive statistics, with mean and standard deviation. The comparisons of the absolute deltas obtained after the JT and TT were performed through the covariance analysis (ANCOVA), the covariables used in the model were growth peak and total training time, and generated estimated means. All statistical analyzes were performed using the software SPSS (version 22) and the statistical significance was 5%. RESULTS: TS concentrations were higher in JT (mean = 32.0; CI = 11.3; 52.7); there was no significant difference (p-value = 0.157), and the effect size was considered moderate ( ES-r = 0.097). The concentrations of CS increased in JT (0.8, CI = 0.5, 1.0) and decreased in TT (-0.3, CI = -0.5, 1.0) with statistical significance (p-value = 0.000) and a high effect size (ES-r = 0.612). The testosterone/cortisol ratio (T/C) decreased in JT (-1239.8; CI = -2869.3; 389.8) and increased in TT (1372.6; CI = -257.0; 3002.1 ), there was no significant difference (p-value = 0.087), and the effect size was considered moderate (ES-r = 0.139). The concentrations of SIgAabs were higher in TT (3.8, CI = 0.5, 7.0), there was no significant difference (p-value = 0.209), and the effect size was considered moderate (ES-r = 0.071). CONCLUSIONS: A JT may be more stressful for the body of semiprofessional athletes of the sub 19 category, considering that it promoted elevation of CS when compared to a session of technical-tactical training and physical conditioning.
INTRODUCTION: Football training can be strenous for young athletes due to the demands in relation to their physical, technical-tactical and psychological performance, which influences the functioning of their organic systems and interferes in their performance. Analyzing and interpreting these changes can optimize the planning and organization of training, improving the performance of athletes. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the response of salivary immunoglobulin A (SIgA) and steroid hormones cortisol and testosterone in two different training sessions of young semiprofessional soccer players. METHODS: The sample consisted of 12 male soccer players and the sub 19 category of a semiprofessional team from the city of Presidente Prudente (SP). Anthropometric and body composition measurements were performed and salivary collection for analysis cortisol (CS), testosterone (TS) and SIgA. Two training sessions were analyzed: game-training (JT) and a usual training session of the team (TT). A JT was observed respecting the rules of the soccer and against a team that would dispute the same championship of the evaluated team in the present study. The TT was composed of specific physical conditioning activities, techniques and tactics of soccer. Salivary collections were performed before and after the training sessions. The collected saliva was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Salimetrics kits, following the manufacturer's instructions. For the statistical analysis, the normality test of Shapiro-Wilk was performed and based on the parameters provided it was decided by non-parametric statistics. The presentation of the results regarding the characterization of the sample was performed by descriptive statistics, with mean and standard deviation. The comparisons of the absolute deltas obtained after the JT and TT were performed through the covariance analysis (ANCOVA), the covariables used in the model were growth peak and total training time, and generated estimated means. All statistical analyzes were performed using the software SPSS (version 22) and the statistical significance was 5%. RESULTS: TS concentrations were higher in JT (mean = 32.0; CI = 11.3; 52.7); there was no significant difference (p-value = 0.157), and the effect size was considered moderate ( ES-r = 0.097). The concentrations of CS increased in JT (0.8, CI = 0.5, 1.0) and decreased in TT (-0.3, CI = -0.5, 1.0) with statistical significance (p-value = 0.000) and a high effect size (ES-r = 0.612). The testosterone/cortisol ratio (T/C) decreased in JT (-1239.8; CI = -2869.3; 389.8) and increased in TT (1372.6; CI = -257.0; 3002.1 ), there was no significant difference (p-value = 0.087), and the effect size was considered moderate (ES-r = 0.139). The concentrations of SIgAabs were higher in TT (3.8, CI = 0.5, 7.0), there was no significant difference (p-value = 0.209), and the effect size was considered moderate (ES-r = 0.071). CONCLUSIONS: A JT may be more stressful for the body of semiprofessional athletes of the sub 19 category, considering that it promoted elevation of CS when compared to a session of technical-tactical training and physical conditioning.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Futebol, Testosterona salivar, Cortisol salivar, Imunoglobulina Salivar A, Treinamento Esportivo, Hormônios esteroides salivares, Football, Salivary testosterone, Salivary cortisol, Salivary immunoglobulin A, Sports training, Salivary steroid hormones