As perspectivas elaboradas por Dião Cássio e Herodiano sobre as práticas político-culturais do imperador Heliogábalo (séc. III d.C.)
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2019-07-02
Autores
Corrêa, Ariel Garcia
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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A dinastia dos Severos foi a primeira de origem africana e semítica no Império Romano. Tal dinastia teve início no final do século II d.C. com a conquista do Principado por Septímio Severo, o qual foi sucedido por Caracala, Macrino, Heliogábalo e Severo Alexandre, respectivamente. Dentre os governantes da Dinastia Severa, destacamos o jovem Heliogábalo, proveniente da Síria. Trata-se de um imperador romano que foi muito criticado por autores como Dião Cássio, um senador romano, e Herodiano, que era associado à aristocracia imperial, de modo que a partir das críticas feitas por esses dois autores podemos perceber uma grande resistência às inovações introduzidas por Heliogábalo no campo políticoadministrativo, sobretudo devido à influência do mos maiorum sobre os modelos de análise de Dião Cássio e Herodiano. Uma dessas inovações realizadas pelo imperador foi a concessão de cargos administrativos a artistas da parte oriental do Império. Assim, com base na leitura da documentação, pensamos que para Heliogábalo não era um problema nomear artistas em cargos administrativos, já que ele mesmo se considerava um artista e ocupava o cargo de imperador. Heliogábalo apenas reproduziu, como imperador romano, as práticas culturais que executava na cidade de Emesa, na Síria, onde ocupava o posto de sacerdote antes de se tornar o Princeps. Objetivamos, portanto, compreender a confluência cultural entre a parte oriental e ocidental do Império Romano e como, por meio dela, se abre uma brecha para que sejam possíveis as mudanças administrativas de Heliogábalo, que sofrem resistência da parcela mais conservadora dos senadores romanos, representada pelo senador Dião Cássio e Herodiano, um aristocrata oriental e aliado do senado romano.
The Severan Dynasty was the first of an African and Eastern origin in the Roman Empire. This dinasty has its origin in the endind of the century 2 A.D with the conquest of the principate by Septimius Severus, who was sucessed by Caracalla, Macrinus, Elagabalus and Severus Alexander, respectively. Between the rulers of the Severan dynasty we highlight the young Elagabalus, who came from Syria. It is a Roman Emperor who was very criticized by autors like Cassius Dio, a Roman senator, and Herodian, who was associated with the imperial aristocracy, in a way that with the critics made by this two autors we can realize a great resistance to the innovations introduced by Elagabalus in the administrative-political field, above all by the influence of mos maiorum in the analysis models of Cassius Dio and Herodian. One of those innovations realized by the emperor was the concession of administrative posts to artists of the eastern part of the empire. Thus, whith base on the lecture of documentation, we think that for Elagabalus it was not a problem to name artists in administrative posts, because he considered himself an artist who occupied the post of emperor. Elagabalus only has reproduced, as a Roman Emperor, the cultural pratices that he has executed in the city of Emesa, in Syria, where he occupied the post of priest before and became the Princeps. We have, therefore, like objective, understand the cultural confluence between the eastern and western parts of the Roman Empire and how, by means of that, a gap opens to make possible the administrative changes of Elagabalus, that suffers resistance from the more conservative portion of the Roman senators, represented by the senator Cassius Dio and Herodian, an eastern aristocrat and ally of the Roman Senate.
The Severan Dynasty was the first of an African and Eastern origin in the Roman Empire. This dinasty has its origin in the endind of the century 2 A.D with the conquest of the principate by Septimius Severus, who was sucessed by Caracalla, Macrinus, Elagabalus and Severus Alexander, respectively. Between the rulers of the Severan dynasty we highlight the young Elagabalus, who came from Syria. It is a Roman Emperor who was very criticized by autors like Cassius Dio, a Roman senator, and Herodian, who was associated with the imperial aristocracy, in a way that with the critics made by this two autors we can realize a great resistance to the innovations introduced by Elagabalus in the administrative-political field, above all by the influence of mos maiorum in the analysis models of Cassius Dio and Herodian. One of those innovations realized by the emperor was the concession of administrative posts to artists of the eastern part of the empire. Thus, whith base on the lecture of documentation, we think that for Elagabalus it was not a problem to name artists in administrative posts, because he considered himself an artist who occupied the post of emperor. Elagabalus only has reproduced, as a Roman Emperor, the cultural pratices that he has executed in the city of Emesa, in Syria, where he occupied the post of priest before and became the Princeps. We have, therefore, like objective, understand the cultural confluence between the eastern and western parts of the Roman Empire and how, by means of that, a gap opens to make possible the administrative changes of Elagabalus, that suffers resistance from the more conservative portion of the Roman senators, represented by the senator Cassius Dio and Herodian, an eastern aristocrat and ally of the Roman Senate.
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Império Romano, Dinastia dos Severos, Imperador Heliogábalo, Práticas administrativas, Damnatio memoriae, Roman Empire, Severan dynasty, Emperor Elagabalus, Administrative practices