Modelagem da produtividade e dos custos de máquinas na colheita de eucalipto
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Data
2019-06-25
Autores
Miyajima, Ricardo Hideaki
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A colheita mecanizada é uma das etapas de extrema importância no processo produtivo do setor florestal, sendo avaliado sob a ótica técnica-econômica. Desta maneira, torna-se imprescindível a segurança na obtenção das informações relacionadas à produtividade e os custos, sendo essenciais para a tomada de decisão dos gestores florestais. Diante deste fato, o emprego da modelagem matemática pode proporcionar a obtenção destas informações com maior precisão e confiabilidade, além de correlacionar os fatores de interesse, tais como a classe de declividade, tipo de máquina, eito de operação e o número de árvores por ciclo. O objetivo do estudo foi propor a construção de modelos matemáticos na operação de corte da madeira realizada por dois modelos de fellers-buncher com características técnicas distintas e na operação de extração da madeira utilizando-se um grapple skidder. Para o grapple processor, a aplicação do método de Monte Carlo na construção de um modelo estocástico para a operação do processamento das toras. Para a análise técnica, foi empregado o estudo de tempos e métodos, pelo método do tempo contínuo. A análise do custo por hora programada das máquinas florestais foram pautadas na metodologia da Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Por meio da aplicação da modelagem matemática constatou-se que para a operação do feller-buncher os fatores tempo efetivo e volume de madeira foram significativos para a produtividade, além disso, foi averiguada uma diferença entre os fellers-buncher em termos de produtividade e custo de operação. Para o skidder os fatores feixe de madeira e o volume de madeira foram significativos para a produtividade da máquina autopropelida, ademais a operação de corte influenciou na atividade de extração da madeira. Já para o grapple processor foi constatado que o peso e o tamanho da área útil do implemento influenciaram na produtividade e nos custos de produção para a operação do processamento de toras. Conclui-se que a aplicação da modelagem matemática e da técnica de Monte Carlo pode ser uma ferramenta interessante para proporcionar segurança na obtenção das informações técnica-econômica para os gestores florestais.
Mechanized harvesting is one of the most important steps in the productive process of forest sector, being evaluated from the technical-economic viewpoint. In this way, information related to productivity and costs are essential for the decision making of forest managers. In view of this fact, the application of mathematical modeling can provide data with greater precision and reliability, as well as correlate the fact of interest, such as slope class, machine type, operating condition and number of trees per cycle. The objective of the study was to propose the construction of mathematical models in the wood cutting operation performed by a feller buncher and in the wood extraction operation using a skidder. For the grapple processor application of the Monte Carlo method in the construction of a stochastic model for the operation of the processing of logs. For the technical analysis, study of time and methods was employed by the continuous time method. The analysis of the programmed hourly cost of forest machines was based on the methodology of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Through the application of the mathematical modeling, it was verified that for the operation of feller buncher, the factors effective time and wood volume were significant for the productivity; in addition, a difference was verified between feller bunchers in terms of productivity and cost operation. For the grapple skidder, the wood bundles and wood volume factors were significant for the productivity of the self propelled machine, in addition the cutting operation influenced the wood extraction activity. Grapple processor, it was verified that the weight and the size of useful area of the implement influenced in the productivity and production costs for the operation of processing of logs. It is concluded that the application of mathematical modeling and Monte Carlo technique can be an interesting tool to provide security in obtaining the technical-economic information for forest managers.
Mechanized harvesting is one of the most important steps in the productive process of forest sector, being evaluated from the technical-economic viewpoint. In this way, information related to productivity and costs are essential for the decision making of forest managers. In view of this fact, the application of mathematical modeling can provide data with greater precision and reliability, as well as correlate the fact of interest, such as slope class, machine type, operating condition and number of trees per cycle. The objective of the study was to propose the construction of mathematical models in the wood cutting operation performed by a feller buncher and in the wood extraction operation using a skidder. For the grapple processor application of the Monte Carlo method in the construction of a stochastic model for the operation of the processing of logs. For the technical analysis, study of time and methods was employed by the continuous time method. The analysis of the programmed hourly cost of forest machines was based on the methodology of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Through the application of the mathematical modeling, it was verified that for the operation of feller buncher, the factors effective time and wood volume were significant for the productivity; in addition, a difference was verified between feller bunchers in terms of productivity and cost operation. For the grapple skidder, the wood bundles and wood volume factors were significant for the productivity of the self propelled machine, in addition the cutting operation influenced the wood extraction activity. Grapple processor, it was verified that the weight and the size of useful area of the implement influenced in the productivity and production costs for the operation of processing of logs. It is concluded that the application of mathematical modeling and Monte Carlo technique can be an interesting tool to provide security in obtaining the technical-economic information for forest managers.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Colheita de madeira, Tempos e métodos, Monte Carlo, Planejamento operacional, Floresta plantada