Genetic basis of physiological stress response to slaughter in avileña-negra ibérica spanish breed
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Data
2019-02-26
Autores
Rosa, Jaqueline Oliveira [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Na produção de carne bovina, os animais são expostos a condições de abate que induzem diferentes respostas ao estresse e essas diferenças podem ser genéticas. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: (1) caracterizar o padrão de resposta de genes de proteínas de choque térmico (HSP) entre Psoas major (PM) e Flexor digitorum superficialis (FD) em resposta ao estresse ao abate em duas estações diferentes (verão e inverno). Isso foi feito para determinar se a resposta das HSPs ao estresse ao abate estava condicionada ao tipo muscular e ao estresse térmico; (2) (a) caracterizar a resposta fisiológica ao estresse gerado pelo manejo dos animais em dois períodos distintos no tempo, manejo em confinamento (F) e manejo ao abate (S) com um conjunto de biomarcadores; (b) identificar um subgrupo dos biomarcadores de estresse que melhor discriminam entre os dois períodos e avaliar se a resposta inicial em F poderia ser usada para antecipar a resposta em S, e (c) encontrar evidências de um componente genético na resposta fisiológica ao estresse em bovinos de corte. Estimativas das diferenças de expressão entre FD e PM para oito genes de proteínas de choque térmico foram usadas neste estudo. Os resultados mostraram que ambos os músculos parecem ter padrões semelhantes na expressão de HSPs sob estímulos térmicos, exceto HSPB6 e HSPB8, que mostraram maior nível de expressão no músculo PM de animais abatidos no verão em relação aos mesmos abatidos no inverno. A suscetibilidade e, portanto, a resposta ao estresse térmico parece ser diferencialmente mediada por famílias específicas de chaperonas em função do papel específico do tecido na restauração da homeostase proteica. No estudo de biomarcadores de estresse, foram colhidas amostras de sangue de oitenta bezerros machos da raça Avileña-Negra Iberica, no confinamento e no abatedouro. Biomarcadores, albumina, cortisol, creatinafosfoquinase (CK), glicose, lactato, lactato desidrogenase (LDH) e globulina foram determinados em ambos os períodos. A resposta ao estresse em confinamento parece estar associada a mecanismos que geram uma resposta orgânica a nível hepático. Lactato e cortisol indicaram que a resposta ao estresse ao abate ocorre a nível muscular. Lactato, glicose e albumina foram os biomarcadores que melhor discriminaram entre os dois diferentes períodos de estresse. Entretanto, existem outros quatro biomarcadores (cortisol, CK, LDH e globulina) que podem ser usados como um conjunto global de respostas fisiológicas ao estresse, independentemente da fonte estressora. O mesmo conjunto de biomarcadores também discriminou entre as fazendas de origem dos animais e os indivíduos que não foram corretamente discriminados às fazendas pelos biomarcadores eram de rebanhos com ancestrais comuns.
In beef production, animals are exposed to slaughter conditions that induce different responses to stress and these differences may be are genetics. Therefore, this study aimed: (1) to characterize the pattern of response of heat shock protein genes (HSP) between Psoas major (PM) and Flexor digitorum superficialis (FD) in response to stress at slaughter in two different seasons (summary and winter). This was so to determine if response of HSP to the stress of slaughter was conditioned on muscle type and thermal stress; (2) (a) to characterize the physiological response to stress generating by handling the animals at two different periods in time, feedlot (F) and slaughter (S) with a set of biomarkers; (b) to identify a subset of the biomarkers of stress that best discriminate between these two stress periods and to evaluate if the early response in F could be used to anticipate response at S, and (c) find evidences of a genetic component in the physiological response to stress in beef cattle. Estimate expression differences between FD and PM for eight heat shock protein genes were used in HSPs study. Results showed that both muscles seem to have similar patterns in the expression of HSPs at the thermal stimuli except the HSPB6 and HSPB8 that seemed to show a larger level of expression in PM muscles of animals slaughtered at summer than those that were sampled in the winter slaughter. The susceptibility and, therefore, the response to thermal stress seems to be differentially mediated by specific families of chaperones as a function of the role of the specific tissue in the restoration of protein homeostasis. For stress biomarkers study blood samples from eighty Avileña-Negra Iberica male calves were collected in the feedlot and at the slaughterhouse. Biomarkers, albumin, cortisol, creatine phosphokinase (CK), glucose, lactate, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and globulin were determined in both periods. The stress response in feedlot appeared to be associated with mechanisms that generate an organic response at the hepatic level. Lactate and cortisol indicated that the response to stress at slaughter occur at muscle level. Lactate, glucose and albumin best discriminate the two different stress periods. Therefore, there are other four biomarkers (cortisol, CK, LDH and globulin) that could be used as global set of physiological response to stress regardless the source of stress. The same set of markers to some extent also discriminates between farms of origin. The miss-matching occurred mostly between herds with common genetic background.
In beef production, animals are exposed to slaughter conditions that induce different responses to stress and these differences may be are genetics. Therefore, this study aimed: (1) to characterize the pattern of response of heat shock protein genes (HSP) between Psoas major (PM) and Flexor digitorum superficialis (FD) in response to stress at slaughter in two different seasons (summary and winter). This was so to determine if response of HSP to the stress of slaughter was conditioned on muscle type and thermal stress; (2) (a) to characterize the physiological response to stress generating by handling the animals at two different periods in time, feedlot (F) and slaughter (S) with a set of biomarkers; (b) to identify a subset of the biomarkers of stress that best discriminate between these two stress periods and to evaluate if the early response in F could be used to anticipate response at S, and (c) find evidences of a genetic component in the physiological response to stress in beef cattle. Estimate expression differences between FD and PM for eight heat shock protein genes were used in HSPs study. Results showed that both muscles seem to have similar patterns in the expression of HSPs at the thermal stimuli except the HSPB6 and HSPB8 that seemed to show a larger level of expression in PM muscles of animals slaughtered at summer than those that were sampled in the winter slaughter. The susceptibility and, therefore, the response to thermal stress seems to be differentially mediated by specific families of chaperones as a function of the role of the specific tissue in the restoration of protein homeostasis. For stress biomarkers study blood samples from eighty Avileña-Negra Iberica male calves were collected in the feedlot and at the slaughterhouse. Biomarkers, albumin, cortisol, creatine phosphokinase (CK), glucose, lactate, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and globulin were determined in both periods. The stress response in feedlot appeared to be associated with mechanisms that generate an organic response at the hepatic level. Lactate and cortisol indicated that the response to stress at slaughter occur at muscle level. Lactate, glucose and albumin best discriminate the two different stress periods. Therefore, there are other four biomarkers (cortisol, CK, LDH and globulin) that could be used as global set of physiological response to stress regardless the source of stress. The same set of markers to some extent also discriminates between farms of origin. The miss-matching occurred mostly between herds with common genetic background.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Biomarker, Heat stress, RNA-Seq, Skeletal muscle, Stress response, Welfare