Procedimentos de gestão do uso de água para agricultura irrigada em área de conflito
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Data
2019-02-19
Autores
Faria, Fernando Costa
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O aumento do consumo de água nas atividades humanas tem ocasionado o surgimento de áreas de conflito pelo uso da água. Uma das atividades que utiliza a água é a irrigação, sendo relacionada em diversas áreas de conflito, tornando necessária uma estratégia para a gestão compartilhada nestas regiões. No Brasil, especificamente no estado de Minas Gerais, existem regiões com essa característica, tendo como exemplo o Triângulo Mineiro, Alto Paranaíba e Noroeste de Minas. Nesses locais, o uso do processo de outorga convencional é importante, mas não contempla algumas singularidades, colocando uma região que necessita da irrigação em um conflito que poderia ser sanado com alternativas de gestão. O uso da Outorga Coletiva pode ser uma alternativa em regiões de conflito, fornecendo aos usuários da água o protagonismo em parte do processo decisório, desde que possuam um procedimento operacional capaz de os guiar no desenvolvimento desse processo de outorga e no uso da água. Assim, esse trabalho teve por objetivo identificar uma forma para definição da intensidade dos conflitos e estabelecer uma classificação dessa intensidade encontrada e elaborar um manual de procedimento para o processo de Outorga Coletiva em áreas de conflito pelo uso da água, onde exista agricultura irrigada. À intensidade do conflito foi atribuído um índice, a partir da comparação entre a vazão disponível para outorga e a soma das vazões demandadas no trecho, além da vazão média de longa duração. Uma nova gradação do índice foi realizada, com início a partir da formalização do conflito, quando é prevista a demanda superior a 50% da vazão mínima de referência (Q7,10), e se estende até o limite máximo, quando atinge 100% da Qmld. O manual de procedimentos foi estruturado por meio de experiências em processo de Outorga Coletiva, em formato de procedimento, contendo as ações a serem desenvolvidas em etapas sequenciais. A elaboração do processo de Outorga Coletiva mostrou-se interessante para coleta de informações e proposição de estratégia participativa, que compartilha entre usuários e órgãos gestores as responsabilidades para o melhor atendimento dos fundamentos, objetivos e diretrizes da Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos.
The increase in water consumption in human activities has led to the emergence of areas of conflict over water use. One of the activities that uses water is irrigation, being related in several areas of conflict, making necessary a strategy for shared management in these regions. In Brazil, specifically in the state of Minas Gerais, there are regions with this characteristic, such as the Triângulo Mineiro, Alto Paranaíba and Noroeste de Minas administrative regions. In these places, the use of the conventional grants process is important, but does not contemplate some singularities, placing a region that needs irrigation in a conflict that could be remedied with management alternatives. The use of Collective Grants may be an alternative in conflict regions, providing water users with the leading role in the decision-making process, provided they have an operational procedure capable of guiding them in the development of this process of granting and in the use of water. The objective of this work was to identify a way to define the intensity of conflicts and to establish a classification of this intensity and to elaborate a manual of procedure for the Collective Grants process in areas of conflict over water use where there is irrigated agriculture. For the intensity of the conflict an index was assigned, based on the comparison between the available flow for grants and the sum of the flows demanded in the stretch, in addition to the average long-term flow. A new classification of the index was performed, starting from the formalization of the conflict, when the demand is expected to exceed 50% of the minimum reference flow (Q7,10), and it extends to the maximum limit, when it reaches 100% of Qmld. The manual of procedure was structured through experiences in a process of collective grants, in a procedure format, containing the actions to be developed in sequential stages. The elaboration of the collective grants process has proved to be interesting for gathering information and proposing a participatory strategy, which shares among users and management bodies the responsibilities for better attending to the fundamentals, objectives and guidelines of the National Water Resources Policy.
The increase in water consumption in human activities has led to the emergence of areas of conflict over water use. One of the activities that uses water is irrigation, being related in several areas of conflict, making necessary a strategy for shared management in these regions. In Brazil, specifically in the state of Minas Gerais, there are regions with this characteristic, such as the Triângulo Mineiro, Alto Paranaíba and Noroeste de Minas administrative regions. In these places, the use of the conventional grants process is important, but does not contemplate some singularities, placing a region that needs irrigation in a conflict that could be remedied with management alternatives. The use of Collective Grants may be an alternative in conflict regions, providing water users with the leading role in the decision-making process, provided they have an operational procedure capable of guiding them in the development of this process of granting and in the use of water. The objective of this work was to identify a way to define the intensity of conflicts and to establish a classification of this intensity and to elaborate a manual of procedure for the Collective Grants process in areas of conflict over water use where there is irrigated agriculture. For the intensity of the conflict an index was assigned, based on the comparison between the available flow for grants and the sum of the flows demanded in the stretch, in addition to the average long-term flow. A new classification of the index was performed, starting from the formalization of the conflict, when the demand is expected to exceed 50% of the minimum reference flow (Q7,10), and it extends to the maximum limit, when it reaches 100% of Qmld. The manual of procedure was structured through experiences in a process of collective grants, in a procedure format, containing the actions to be developed in sequential stages. The elaboration of the collective grants process has proved to be interesting for gathering information and proposing a participatory strategy, which shares among users and management bodies the responsibilities for better attending to the fundamentals, objectives and guidelines of the National Water Resources Policy.
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Palavras-chave
Recursos hídricos, Outorga coletiva, Gerenciamento da água, Water resources, Colletive grants, Water management