Nível de ruído em clínica de ensino de odontologia
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Data
2019-08-06
Autores
Peña Téllez, Maria Elizabeth [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Na atualidade o ruído constitui um dos problemas ambientais mais relevantes. Na prática odontológica a exposição a ruídos deve ser controlada para evitar danos à saúde do profissional. Objetivou-se neste estudo investigar a presença de alterações auditivas e avaliar o conhecimento dos estudantes de odontologia sobre a Perda Auditiva Induzida pelo Ruído; verificar os níveis de ruídos gerados durante o uso das canetas de baixa e alta rotação, assim como em diferentes pontos da Clínicas de Ensino de Odontologia durante as aulas práticas nos tratamentos odontológicos. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, amostra composta por 81 estudantes do terceiro ano curso diurno e quarto ano curso noturno de odontologia. Foi aplicado um questionário semiestruturado e auto administrado com questões referentes a transtornos auditivos, exames audiométricos e conhecimento da Perda Auditiva Induzida pelo Ruído (PAIR).Com o propósito de verificar os níveis de ruído que atingem o operador e paciente durante a execução de tratamentos odontológicos, foram feitas medições usando como instrumento o decibelímetro Digital Profissional marca Hikari Hdb-882,a uma distância de 5 cm, 15cm e 50 cm do ouvido direito do operador com 5 segundos de duração. Foram medidos os ruídos gerados no ambiente da Clínica com todos os equipamentos em funcionamento colocando o aparelho em pontos pré-estabelecidos nos cantos e centro da clínica. Foi realizado a análise estatística, ao nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados mostraram a presença de transtornos auditivos em 14,8 % dos estudantes. Do total, 28,4 % haviam feito exames audiométricos; 24,6 % tem familiares com problemas de audição ;11,1 % doenças preexistentes;49,3 % necessitaram repetição durante uma conversa;34,4 % apresentam sintomas de irritabilidade no ambiente das aulas práticas e consideram as canetas de alta rotação o instrumento mais ruidoso. Em relação aos resultados sobre conhecimentos 93,8 % afirmaram que o cirurgião dentista é um profissional de risco para perda auditiva por ruído, mas 83,9 % ainda não recebeu orientação sobre o PAIR. Quanto ao uso do protetor auricular 77,7 % não conhecem, e apenas 3,7 % referem haver usado. Os resultados das medições mostraram ruidos elevados com canetas de alta rotação : 77,31 dB, 75,30dB y 73,52 dB a distancias de 5cm,15cm y 50 cm respectivamente do ouvido do operador .Com as peças de baixa rotação ,medias de 72,80dB ,71,60 dB y 70,26dB en iguais distancias . Na área clínica obtivemos: 72,90 decibéis (dB) (± 0,94 dp) ao centro; 74,2dB (± dp 0,91); 76,3dB (± dp 0,86); 73,4 dB (± dp 0,41); 74,2dB (± dp 0,30); nos cantos. Todos os valores estiveram acima dos níveis aceitos pela Organização Mundial da Saúde que estabelece a polução sonora a partir de 55 dB. Com a pesquisa, foi desenvolvido um aplicativo denominado EscutaSaúde, o qual permite medir os ruídos em tempo real, durante os tratamentos odontológicos, possibilitando ao profissional possuir o histórico dos registros. Conclui-se que há presença de transtornos auditivos em pequena parcela dos estudantes de odontologia e a grande maioria não apresenta conhecimento sobre a PAIR. Os ruídos gerados pelas canetas de baixa e alta rotação durante os tratamentos assim como os produzidos na área da clínica são elevados.
At present noise is one of the most important environmental problems. In dental practice exposure to noise should be controlled to avoid damage to the health of the professional. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of auditory alterations and to evaluate the knowledge of dentistry students about Noise-induced Auditory Loss; to verify the noise levels generated during the use of the low and high rotation pens, as well as in different points of the Dentistry Teaching Clinics during the practical classes in the dental treatments. his is a cross-sectional study, comprising 81 students from the third-year day course and fourth year night course of dentistry. A semi-structured and self-administered questionnaire was applied with questions related to auditory disorders, audiometric tests and knowledge of Noise-induced Auditory Loss (NIHL). In order to verify the noise levels reaching the operator and patient during the execution of dental treatments, measurements were made using the Hikari Hdb-882 Professional Digital decibel meter at a distance of 5 cm, 15 cm and 50 cm from the right ear of the operator with 5 seconds duration. Noises generated in the Clinic environment were measured with all the equipment in operation by placing the device in pre-set points in the corners and center of the clinic. Statistical analysis was performed at a significance level of 5%. The results showed the presence of auditory disorders in 14.8% of the students. Of the total, 28.4% had audiometric tests; 24.6% had family members with hearing problems, 11.1% had preexisting diseases, 49.3% needed repetition during a conversation, 34.4% had symptoms of irritability in the environment of the practical classes and considered high rotation pens the instrument more noisy. Regarding the results on knowledge, 93.8% stated that the dental surgeon is a professional at risk for noise hearing loss, but 83.9% still did not receive guidance on NIHL. Regarding the use of the auricular protector 77,7% do not know, and only 3,7% report to have used. The results of measurements showed high noises with high rotation pens: 77.31 dB, 75.30dB and 73.52 dB at distances of 5cm, 15cm and 50cm respectively from the operator's ear. With the low rotation parts, 72.80dB, 71.60 dB and 70.26dB at equal distances. In the clinical area we obtained: 72.90 decibels (dB) (± 0.94 dp) at the center; 74.2dB (± dp 0.91); 76.3dB (ñ dp 0.86); 73.4 dB (ñ dp 0.41); 74.2dB (± dp 0.30); in the corners. All values were above levels accepted by the World Health Organization which establishes sound pollution from 55 dB. With the research, developed an app called EscutaSaúde, which allows you to measure the noise in real time, during the dental treatment, enabling the professional to have the history of records. The presence of hearing disorders in dentistry students was concluded; lack of knowledge of the causes of NIHL. The noises generated by the pens of low and high rotation during the treatments as well as those produced in the clinic area are high.
At present noise is one of the most important environmental problems. In dental practice exposure to noise should be controlled to avoid damage to the health of the professional. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of auditory alterations and to evaluate the knowledge of dentistry students about Noise-induced Auditory Loss; to verify the noise levels generated during the use of the low and high rotation pens, as well as in different points of the Dentistry Teaching Clinics during the practical classes in the dental treatments. his is a cross-sectional study, comprising 81 students from the third-year day course and fourth year night course of dentistry. A semi-structured and self-administered questionnaire was applied with questions related to auditory disorders, audiometric tests and knowledge of Noise-induced Auditory Loss (NIHL). In order to verify the noise levels reaching the operator and patient during the execution of dental treatments, measurements were made using the Hikari Hdb-882 Professional Digital decibel meter at a distance of 5 cm, 15 cm and 50 cm from the right ear of the operator with 5 seconds duration. Noises generated in the Clinic environment were measured with all the equipment in operation by placing the device in pre-set points in the corners and center of the clinic. Statistical analysis was performed at a significance level of 5%. The results showed the presence of auditory disorders in 14.8% of the students. Of the total, 28.4% had audiometric tests; 24.6% had family members with hearing problems, 11.1% had preexisting diseases, 49.3% needed repetition during a conversation, 34.4% had symptoms of irritability in the environment of the practical classes and considered high rotation pens the instrument more noisy. Regarding the results on knowledge, 93.8% stated that the dental surgeon is a professional at risk for noise hearing loss, but 83.9% still did not receive guidance on NIHL. Regarding the use of the auricular protector 77,7% do not know, and only 3,7% report to have used. The results of measurements showed high noises with high rotation pens: 77.31 dB, 75.30dB and 73.52 dB at distances of 5cm, 15cm and 50cm respectively from the operator's ear. With the low rotation parts, 72.80dB, 71.60 dB and 70.26dB at equal distances. In the clinical area we obtained: 72.90 decibels (dB) (± 0.94 dp) at the center; 74.2dB (± dp 0.91); 76.3dB (ñ dp 0.86); 73.4 dB (ñ dp 0.41); 74.2dB (± dp 0.30); in the corners. All values were above levels accepted by the World Health Organization which establishes sound pollution from 55 dB. With the research, developed an app called EscutaSaúde, which allows you to measure the noise in real time, during the dental treatment, enabling the professional to have the history of records. The presence of hearing disorders in dentistry students was concluded; lack of knowledge of the causes of NIHL. The noises generated by the pens of low and high rotation during the treatments as well as those produced in the clinic area are high.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Perda auditiva, Ruído ocupacional, Odontólogos, Hearing loss, Ergonomia, Ergonomics, Estudantes de odontologia, Noise