Análise dos impactos econômicos da territorialização do setor sucroenergético e suas consequências para o desenvolvimento social na microrregião de São José do Rio Preto: o caso dos municípios de José Bonifácio, Planalto e Ubarana
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Data
2019-03-15
Autores
Pauli, Lucas [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Na presente dissertação partimos da identificação de que, a partir de 2003, o governo brasileiro retomou o incentivo ao setor sucroenergético via Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social - BNDES no contexto da produção das agroenergias, especificamente o etanol. Isso provocou um intenso processo de expansão dos canaviais e de usinas no Brasil e principalmente no estado de São Paulo. A partir de 2006 a expansão da cana-de-açúcar no estado de São Paulo orientou-se para novas áreas do estado, já que as regiões tradicionais chegavam ao limite de expansão da atividade sucroenergética. Buscou-se incorporar novas terras para o setor sucroenergético no oeste de São Paulo, com grande concentração no Pontal do Paranapanema e no noroeste paulista. A microrregião de São José do Rio Preto está dentre as que receberam usinas e onde houve maior aumento da área plantada de cana-de-açúcar. Dessa forma, selecionamos para análise os municípios de José Bonifácio, Planalto e Ubarana, localizados na microrregião em questão e que estão inseridos neste contexto de expansão. Nesse sentido, a territorialização do setor sucroenergético, com as grandes plantas industriais, alavancou intensas alterações e impactos econômicos e sociais nos municípios elencados. Frente a este quadro, a questão na qual está centrada a pesquisa é: como essas alterações econômicas e sociais podem ou não ter contribuído para o desenvolvimento nesses municípios, tendo em vista toda a discussão e contradições que envolvem o conceito de desenvolvimento? Sendo assim, tendo como referência uma análise crítica sobre o processo envolvido entre impactos para o desenvolvimento e setor sucroenergético, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar os principais impactos econômicos e sociais gerados pela territorialização do setor sucroenergético com a implantação de plantas industriais e o forte aumento da área cultivada com cana-de-açúcar na microrregião de São José do Rio Preto, especificamente nos municípios de José Bonifácio, Planalto e Ubarana, no período 2006-2015; se essas alterações refletiram em alguma forma de desenvolvimento social; e então analisar as características, medidas e qualidades desse desenvolvimento.
In this dissertation, we start from the identification that, as of 2003, the Brazilian government has resumed encouraging the sugar-energy sector through the National Economic and Social Development Bank - BNDES in the context of agroenergy production, specifically ethanol. This led to an intense process of expansion of sugarcane plantations and mills in Brazil and especially in the state of São Paulo. As of 2006, the expansion of sugarcane in the state of São Paulo was oriented towards new areas of the state, since the traditional regions reached the limit of the expansion of the sugar-energy activity. The aim was to incorporate new lands for the sugar-energy sector in western São Paulo, with a high concentration in Pontal do Paranapanema and in the northwest of São Paulo. The micro-region of São José do Rio Preto is among those that received mills and where there was the greatest increase in planted area of sugarcane. Thus, we selected for analysis the municipalities of José Bonifácio, Planalto and Ubarana, located in the microregion in question and which are inserted in this context of expansion. In this sense, the territorialization of the sugar-energy sector, with the large industrial plants, has leveraged intense changes and economic and social impacts in the municipalities listed. Faced with this situation, the question on which the research is focused is: how may or may not these economic and social changes have contributed to development in these municipalities, given all the discussion and contradictions that involve the concept of development? Thus, with reference to a critical analysis of the process involved between development impacts and the sugar-energy sector, the objective of this research was to analyze the main economic and social impacts generated by the territorialization of the sugar-energy sector with the implementation of industrial plants and the sharp increase in the area cultivated with sugarcane in the São José do Rio Preto micro-region, specifically in the municipalities of José Bonifácio, Planalto and Ubarana, in the 2006-2015 period; whether these changes reflected in any form of social development; and then analyze the characteristics, measures and qualities of this development.
In this dissertation, we start from the identification that, as of 2003, the Brazilian government has resumed encouraging the sugar-energy sector through the National Economic and Social Development Bank - BNDES in the context of agroenergy production, specifically ethanol. This led to an intense process of expansion of sugarcane plantations and mills in Brazil and especially in the state of São Paulo. As of 2006, the expansion of sugarcane in the state of São Paulo was oriented towards new areas of the state, since the traditional regions reached the limit of the expansion of the sugar-energy activity. The aim was to incorporate new lands for the sugar-energy sector in western São Paulo, with a high concentration in Pontal do Paranapanema and in the northwest of São Paulo. The micro-region of São José do Rio Preto is among those that received mills and where there was the greatest increase in planted area of sugarcane. Thus, we selected for analysis the municipalities of José Bonifácio, Planalto and Ubarana, located in the microregion in question and which are inserted in this context of expansion. In this sense, the territorialization of the sugar-energy sector, with the large industrial plants, has leveraged intense changes and economic and social impacts in the municipalities listed. Faced with this situation, the question on which the research is focused is: how may or may not these economic and social changes have contributed to development in these municipalities, given all the discussion and contradictions that involve the concept of development? Thus, with reference to a critical analysis of the process involved between development impacts and the sugar-energy sector, the objective of this research was to analyze the main economic and social impacts generated by the territorialization of the sugar-energy sector with the implementation of industrial plants and the sharp increase in the area cultivated with sugarcane in the São José do Rio Preto micro-region, specifically in the municipalities of José Bonifácio, Planalto and Ubarana, in the 2006-2015 period; whether these changes reflected in any form of social development; and then analyze the characteristics, measures and qualities of this development.
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Palavras-chave
Setor sucroenergético, Crescimento econômico, Desenvolvimento, Impactos sociais, Sugar-energy sector, Economic growth, Social impacts, Development