Coronavirus Canino: Aspectos bioenergéticos relacionados com a infecção in vitro de macrófagos caninos
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Data
2019-06-28
Autores
Vieira, Flávia Volpato
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Coronavirus são RNA vírus sentido positivo, envelopados, comumente associados a infecções brandas em aves e mamíferos. A infecção por CCoV é comum em cães jovens, principalmente em animais que vivem em canis e abrigos, associada à ocorrência de diarreia branda e autolimitante, causada pela infecção das células das vilosidades do intestino delgado. São conhecidos dois genótipos: CCoV-I e CCoV-II, o qual é subdividido em CCoV-IIa e CCoV-IIb. O CCoV-IIa, é uma variante altamente patogênica associada à doença sistêmica e acentuada linfopenia. Diferentemente de outros CCoV realiza viremia e, assim, determina a disseminação do vírus para diversos órgãos, incluindo tecidos linfóides. Nesse sentido, o envolvimento da infecção de macrófagos correlacionada à gravidade da doença e linfopenia, vem sendo sugerido. Este trabalho teve por objetivo promover a infecção de macrófagos caninos derivados de monócitos sanguíneos e avaliar a replicação viral, despolarização da membrana mitocondrial e os complexos da cadeia respiratória mitocondrial às 6, 12, 18 e 24 horas pós-infecção. A estatística descritiva incluiu média ± desvio padrão (s.d.). As médias foram comparadas através da análise de variância, ANOVA. Foi possível observar que a infecção por CCoV induziu a liberação de novas partículas virais entre 18 e 24 horas pós-infecção. Ainda, a infecção viral esteve associada à despolarização e disfunção da membrana mitocondrial, afetando o complexo III da cadeia respiratória. Desse modo, acredita-se que o CCoV induz a uma falha bioenergética mitocondrial, atuando como um desacoplador da cadeia respiratória no complexo III dos macrófagos caninos infectados, sem comprometer a replicação viral. A patogenia da doença causada pela variante pantrópica do CCoV é pouco elucidada e, assim, os achados desse estudo podem auxiliar na compreensão da interação vírus-hospedeiro.
Coronaviruses are enveloped positive-sense RNA viruses commonly associated with mild infections in birds and mammals. CCoV infection is common in young dogs, especially kennel and shelter animals, associated with the occurrence of mild, self-limiting diarrhea caused by infection of small intestinal villus cells. Two genotypes are known: CCoV-I and CCoV-II, which is subdivided into CCoV-IIa and CCoV-IIb. CCoV-IIa is a highly pathogenic variant associated with systemic disease and marked lymphopenia. Unlike other CCoV it carries viremia and thus determines the spread of the virus to various organs including lymphoid tissues. In this sense, the involvement of macrophage infection correlated with disease severity and lymphopenia has been suggested. This study aimed to promote the infection of canine macrophages derived from blood monocytes and to evaluate viral replication, mitochondrial membrane depolarization and mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes at 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours post-infection. Descriptive statistics included mean ± standard deviation (s.d.). Means were compared by analysis of variance, ANOVA. It was observed that CCoV infection induced the release of new viral particles between 18 and 24 hours after infection. Moreover, viral infection was associated with depolarization and mitochondrial membrane dysfunction, affecting respiratory chain complex III. Thus, CCoV is believed to induce mitochondrial bioenergetic failure, acting as a decoupler of the respiratory chain in complex III of infected canine macrophages, without compromising viral replication. The pathogenesis of the disease caused by the CCoV pantropic variant is poorly understood, and thus the findings of this study may help in understanding the virus-host interaction.
Coronaviruses are enveloped positive-sense RNA viruses commonly associated with mild infections in birds and mammals. CCoV infection is common in young dogs, especially kennel and shelter animals, associated with the occurrence of mild, self-limiting diarrhea caused by infection of small intestinal villus cells. Two genotypes are known: CCoV-I and CCoV-II, which is subdivided into CCoV-IIa and CCoV-IIb. CCoV-IIa is a highly pathogenic variant associated with systemic disease and marked lymphopenia. Unlike other CCoV it carries viremia and thus determines the spread of the virus to various organs including lymphoid tissues. In this sense, the involvement of macrophage infection correlated with disease severity and lymphopenia has been suggested. This study aimed to promote the infection of canine macrophages derived from blood monocytes and to evaluate viral replication, mitochondrial membrane depolarization and mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes at 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours post-infection. Descriptive statistics included mean ± standard deviation (s.d.). Means were compared by analysis of variance, ANOVA. It was observed that CCoV infection induced the release of new viral particles between 18 and 24 hours after infection. Moreover, viral infection was associated with depolarization and mitochondrial membrane dysfunction, affecting respiratory chain complex III. Thus, CCoV is believed to induce mitochondrial bioenergetic failure, acting as a decoupler of the respiratory chain in complex III of infected canine macrophages, without compromising viral replication. The pathogenesis of the disease caused by the CCoV pantropic variant is poorly understood, and thus the findings of this study may help in understanding the virus-host interaction.
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Palavras-chave
Enterite, Cães, Mitocôndria, Apoptose, Morte celular, Enteritis, Dogs, Mitochondria, Apoptosis, Cell death