Avaliação da heterogeneidade, variabilidade temporal e quantitativa em reservatórios no rio Tietê
Data
2019-07-11
Autores
Barros, Ana Maria Taddei Cardoso de
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A gestão de recursos ambientais, principalmente dos recursos hídricos, tem seu aprimoramento galgado na soma de modelos de desenvolvimento sustentáveis com a avaliação de impactos cumulativos e sinergéticos das intervenções antrópicas, que facilitam a compreensão das interações entre diversos fatores, bem como a dinâmica dos processos naturais. Dessa maneira, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a heterogeneidade, variabilidade temporal e quantitativa em diferentes reservatórios de Usinas Hidrelétricas instaladas no curso do rio Tietê por meio da utilização de técnicas de análise exploratória de dados físico-químicos, pluviométricos e espaciais de um período de 30 anos. O estudo visa contribuir para o entendimento da distribuição espacial das principais atividades econômicas da região, para a compreensão das interrelações entre as formas de ocupação e a intensidade dos processos responsáveis pela degradação do meio físico, principalmente dos recursos hídricos e finalmente para o manejo sustentável dos recursos hídricos da bacia Tietê Batalha e, consequentemente, do rio Tietê que sofre com problemas de eutrofização há mais de 10 anos. Para tanto, utilizaram-se dados de monitoramento da qualidade da água para a construção de um estudo detalhado do reservatório de Promissão, combinando-os com imagens de satélite de todo o período proposto. Através da análise exploratória identificou-se comportamentos que ocorreram durante o período estudado a fim de apontar possíveis impactos ambientais sucedidos nas áreas de influências que podem ter interferido na qualidade ambiental da região. Os principais resultados mostram que a correlação da temperatura nos meses quentes com o aumento das algas tem extrema importância no processo de eutrofização devido à estratificação térmica que ocorre nos reservatórios, alterando a densidade da água e fazendo com que as algas se concentrem na superfície, acarretando a mortandade de peixes. A ausência de tratamento de esgoto apresenta como consequência a elevada carga orgânica nos corpos hídricos das bacias 6 e 10, na grande São Paulo. O reservatório de Ibitinga difere do reservatório de Promissão, pois sofre com a carga remanescente de esgoto do rio Pirapora, tanto que não acompanha a mesma evolução, reforçando a hipótese da boa eficiência da autodepuração do rio Tietê ao longo do curso. Como a UGHRI 16 possui vocação canavieira, muitas áreas encontram-se expostas devido aos períodos de final de safra e entressafra, que ocorrem a preparação da terra e a aplicação de fertilizantes justamente na estação das chuvas (verão), favorecendo a lixiviação dessas substâncias aos corpos hídricos. As concentrações de fósforo total no reservatório de Promissão não são influenciadas diretamente pelas cargas provenientes das UGHRIS 6 e 10.
The management of environmental resources, especially water resources, has been improved in the sum of sustainable development models with the evaluation of cumulative and synergetic impacts of anthropic interventions, which facilitate the understanding of the interactions among several factors, as well as the dynamics of the processes natural resources. In this way, the present work aimed to evaluate the heterogeneity and temporal variability in different reservoirs of hydroelectric plants installed in the Tietê river course through the use of Exploratory Analysis techniques of physico-chemical, pluviometric and spatial data of a period of 30 years. The study aims to contribute to the understanding of the spatial distribution of the main economic activities in the region, in order to understand the interrelations between the forms of occupation and the intensity of the processes responsible for the degradation of the physical environment, especially water resources and finally to the sustainable management of the water resources of the Tietê Batalha basin and, consequently, of the Tietê river that suffers with eutrophication problems for more than 10 years. For this purpose, water quality monitoring data were used to construct a detailed study of the Promissão reservoir, combining it with satellite images of the entire proposed period. Through the exploratory analysis of a complex database, behaviors that occurred during the studied period were identified in order to point out possible environmental impacts in the area that may have interfered with the environmental quality of the region. The main results show that the correlation of the temperature in the warm months with the increase of the algae is extremely important in the process of eutrophication due to the thermal stratification that occurs in the reservoirs, altering the density of the water and causing the algae to concentrate on the surface. The absence of sewage treatment results in high organic load in the water bodies of basins 6 and 10, in the greater São Paulo. The reservoir of Ibitinga differs from the Promissão reservoir, as it suffers from the remaining sewage load of the Pirapora river, so much that it does not follow the same evolution, reinforcing the hypothesis of the self-purification of the Tietê river along the course. As UGHRI 16 has a sugarcane vocation, many areas are exposed due to the end of harvest and the off-season, which is the preparation of the soil and the application of fertilizers in the rainy season (summer), favoring the leaching of these substances to the water bodies. The concentrations of total phosphorus in the Promissão reservoir are not influenced directly by the UGHRIS 6 and 10 loads.
The management of environmental resources, especially water resources, has been improved in the sum of sustainable development models with the evaluation of cumulative and synergetic impacts of anthropic interventions, which facilitate the understanding of the interactions among several factors, as well as the dynamics of the processes natural resources. In this way, the present work aimed to evaluate the heterogeneity and temporal variability in different reservoirs of hydroelectric plants installed in the Tietê river course through the use of Exploratory Analysis techniques of physico-chemical, pluviometric and spatial data of a period of 30 years. The study aims to contribute to the understanding of the spatial distribution of the main economic activities in the region, in order to understand the interrelations between the forms of occupation and the intensity of the processes responsible for the degradation of the physical environment, especially water resources and finally to the sustainable management of the water resources of the Tietê Batalha basin and, consequently, of the Tietê river that suffers with eutrophication problems for more than 10 years. For this purpose, water quality monitoring data were used to construct a detailed study of the Promissão reservoir, combining it with satellite images of the entire proposed period. Through the exploratory analysis of a complex database, behaviors that occurred during the studied period were identified in order to point out possible environmental impacts in the area that may have interfered with the environmental quality of the region. The main results show that the correlation of the temperature in the warm months with the increase of the algae is extremely important in the process of eutrophication due to the thermal stratification that occurs in the reservoirs, altering the density of the water and causing the algae to concentrate on the surface. The absence of sewage treatment results in high organic load in the water bodies of basins 6 and 10, in the greater São Paulo. The reservoir of Ibitinga differs from the Promissão reservoir, as it suffers from the remaining sewage load of the Pirapora river, so much that it does not follow the same evolution, reinforcing the hypothesis of the self-purification of the Tietê river along the course. As UGHRI 16 has a sugarcane vocation, many areas are exposed due to the end of harvest and the off-season, which is the preparation of the soil and the application of fertilizers in the rainy season (summer), favoring the leaching of these substances to the water bodies. The concentrations of total phosphorus in the Promissão reservoir are not influenced directly by the UGHRIS 6 and 10 loads.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Avaliação multitemporal;, Eutrofização do rio Tietê;, Bacia Hidrográfica Tietê Batalha:, Dados de qualidade da água, Multitemporal evaluation, Eutrophication of the Tietê River, Tietê - Batalha Hydrographic Basin, Water quality data