Estratégias de manejo químico para controle de Mucuna aterrima, Ricinus communis, Merremia aegyptia, Ipomoea hederifolia e Ipomoea quamoclit e sua seletividade no plantio da cana-de-açúcar
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Data
2019-07-17
Autores
Bidóia, Vitor Simionato
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As espécies de Mucuna aterrima, Ricinus communis, Merremia aegyptia, Ipomoea hederifolia e Ipomoea quamoclit comumente infestam os canaviais brasileiros e seu manejo depende da integração de métodos e modalidades de aplicação de herbicidas. O objetivo da pesquisa foi de avaliar a seletividade e eficácia de herbicidas em programas de manejo com aplicações antes e após o plantio da cana-de-açúcar. O experimento foi conduzido no Brasil, município Ribeirão Preto, SP, em canavial cultivado em Latossolo Vermelho de textura argilosa, localizado sob clima Cwa de Koppen, entre janeiro/2018 a março/2019. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualisados com dez tratamentos em quatro repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas por cinco linhas de cana-de-açúcar com 5 m de comprimento e espaçadas de 1,5 m. As parcelas foram semeadas com as espécies de M. aterrima, R. communis, M. aegyptia, I. hederifolia e I. quamoclit, sempre antes da primeira aplicação de herbicida. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela testemunha capinada (Tcapinada) e sem capina (Tpds), além de oito programas de manejo químico (P) constituídos por aplicações em plantio pré-incorporado (PPI), pré-emergência (PRE) e pós-emergência tardia das plantas daninhas e cultura após plantio (POS-t), conforme: P1- PRE (diuron + sulfentrazone); P2 -PPI (imazapyr) + PRE (diuron + sulfentrazone); P3 - PPI (amicarbazone) + PRE (diuron + sulfentrazone); P4 - PPI (sulfentrazone) + PRE (diuron + sulfentrazone); P5 - PRE (indaziflam); P6 - PPI (imazapyr) + PRE (indaziflam); P7 - PPI (amicarbazone) + PRE (indaziflam); P8 - PPI (sulfentrazone) + PRE (indaziflam). Todos os programas foram complementados em POS-t com amicarbazone + tebuthiuron + 2,4-D. As aplicações em PPI foram realizadas aos 60 dias antes do plantio para imazapyr e aos 20 dias para amicarbazone e sulfentrazone, em PRE a aplicação foi logo após o plantio em POS-t pouco antes do fechamento das entrelinhas de cultivo pelo dossel da cana-de-açúcar. Os programas de manejo proporcionaram aos 360 dias após o plantio da cv. IAC95-5000 controle excelentes para M. aterrima (81,94 a 99,86%), R. communis (99,5 a 100%), M. aegyptia (96,67 a 100%), I. hederifolia (100%) e I. quamoclit (99,17 a 100%), exceto no P1 e P5 que foram ineficientes para M. aterrima (0%). A infestação de M. aterrima nos P1 e P5 proporcionaram respectivamente, redução da altura (24,05 e 28,50%), estande (44,44 e 53,70%) e da produtividade da cultura (62,03 e 71,69%), além de estresse oxidativo mensurado pela α-esterase. Os demais programas apresentaram ausência de plantas daninhas, mas P2 reduziu o estande (16,52%) e a produtividade (16,52%) e P3 apenas a produtividade (16,79%).
The species of Mucuna aterrima, Ricinus communis, Merremia aegyptia, Ipomoea hederifolia and Ipomoea quamoclit commonly infest the Brazilian sugarcane plantations and their effective control depends on the integration of herbicide application methods and modalities. The objective of the research was to evaluate the selectivity and efficacy of herbicides in management programs with applications before and after sugarcane planting. The experiment was conducted in Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil, in a sugarcane planted in a clayey Red Latosol texture, located under Cwa of Koppen climate, from January/2018 to March/2019. The experimental delineation was performed in randomized blocks with ten treatments in four replicates. The plots were constituted by five lines of sugarcane with 5 m of length and spaced out of 1.5 m. The plots were planted with M. aterrima, R. communis, M. aegyptia, I. hederifolia and I. quamoclit, always before the first application of herbicide. The treatments consisted of the weed control (Tcapinada) and no weed (Tpds), as well as eight chemical management programs (P) consisting of pre-incorporated (PPI), pre-emergence (PRE) and late post-emergence applications weeds and post-planting crop (POS-t) as follows: P1- PRE (diuron + sulfentrazone); P2 -PPI (imazapyr) + PRE (diuron + sulfentrazone); P3 - PPI (amicarbazone) + PRE (diuron + sulfentrazone); P4 - PPI (sulfentrazone) + PRE (diuron + sulfentrazone); P5-PRE (indaziflam); P6-PPI (imazapyr) + PRE (indaziflam); P7-PPI (amicarbazone) + PRE (indaziflam); P8-PPI (sulfentrazone) + PRE (indaziflam). All programs have been supplemented with POS-t with amicarbazone + tebuthiuron + 2,4-D. PPI applications were performed at 60 days before planting for imazapyr and at 20 days for amicarbazone and sulfentrazone, in PRE the application was right after planting in POS-t before the closing of the lines between the canopy of the sugar cane. The management programs provided an excellent control for M. aterrima (81.94 to 99.86%), R. communis (99.5 to 100%), M. aegyptia (96.67 to 100%), I. hederifolia (100%) and I. quamoclit (99.17 to 100%), except for P1 and P5 which were inefficient for M. aterrima (0%) to the 360 days after planting cv. IAC95-5000. The infestation of M. aterrima in P1 and P5 provided respectivelly a reduction in height (24.05 and 28.50%), stand (44.44 and 53.70%) and the crop productivity (62.03 and 71, respectively). 69%), besides oxidative stress measured by α-esterase. The other programs showed no weeds, but P2 reduced the stand (16.52%) and the productivity (16.52%) and P3 only the productivity (16.79%).
The species of Mucuna aterrima, Ricinus communis, Merremia aegyptia, Ipomoea hederifolia and Ipomoea quamoclit commonly infest the Brazilian sugarcane plantations and their effective control depends on the integration of herbicide application methods and modalities. The objective of the research was to evaluate the selectivity and efficacy of herbicides in management programs with applications before and after sugarcane planting. The experiment was conducted in Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil, in a sugarcane planted in a clayey Red Latosol texture, located under Cwa of Koppen climate, from January/2018 to March/2019. The experimental delineation was performed in randomized blocks with ten treatments in four replicates. The plots were constituted by five lines of sugarcane with 5 m of length and spaced out of 1.5 m. The plots were planted with M. aterrima, R. communis, M. aegyptia, I. hederifolia and I. quamoclit, always before the first application of herbicide. The treatments consisted of the weed control (Tcapinada) and no weed (Tpds), as well as eight chemical management programs (P) consisting of pre-incorporated (PPI), pre-emergence (PRE) and late post-emergence applications weeds and post-planting crop (POS-t) as follows: P1- PRE (diuron + sulfentrazone); P2 -PPI (imazapyr) + PRE (diuron + sulfentrazone); P3 - PPI (amicarbazone) + PRE (diuron + sulfentrazone); P4 - PPI (sulfentrazone) + PRE (diuron + sulfentrazone); P5-PRE (indaziflam); P6-PPI (imazapyr) + PRE (indaziflam); P7-PPI (amicarbazone) + PRE (indaziflam); P8-PPI (sulfentrazone) + PRE (indaziflam). All programs have been supplemented with POS-t with amicarbazone + tebuthiuron + 2,4-D. PPI applications were performed at 60 days before planting for imazapyr and at 20 days for amicarbazone and sulfentrazone, in PRE the application was right after planting in POS-t before the closing of the lines between the canopy of the sugar cane. The management programs provided an excellent control for M. aterrima (81.94 to 99.86%), R. communis (99.5 to 100%), M. aegyptia (96.67 to 100%), I. hederifolia (100%) and I. quamoclit (99.17 to 100%), except for P1 and P5 which were inefficient for M. aterrima (0%) to the 360 days after planting cv. IAC95-5000. The infestation of M. aterrima in P1 and P5 provided respectivelly a reduction in height (24.05 and 28.50%), stand (44.44 and 53.70%) and the crop productivity (62.03 and 71, respectively). 69%), besides oxidative stress measured by α-esterase. The other programs showed no weeds, but P2 reduced the stand (16.52%) and the productivity (16.52%) and P3 only the productivity (16.79%).
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Palavras-chave
Saccharum spp., Plantas daninhas, Pré-plantio incorporado, Esterases, Saccharum spp., Weeds, Pre-planting incorporated, Esterases