Seleção e diretrizes para o design de conectores ecológicos: uma abordagem metodológica
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Data
2019-07-25
Autores
Bortoleto, Ludmila Araujo [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A necessidade de estratégias adequadas para identificar regiões prioritárias em uma paisagem fragmentada e indicar propostas de adequação ao planejamento urbano é uma questão fundamental para a conservação da biodiversidade e desenvolvimento sustentável. As ações humanas geram paisagens cada vez mais fragmentadas, que necessitam de intervenção por meio de projetos de conexão ecológica para o reestabelecimento de ligações às unidades de conservação. No entanto, há pouco foco na identificação de barreiras, que causam resistência à matriz de percolação. Neste trabalho, um procedimento inovador, que utiliza métodos de avaliação da matriz quanto à percolação junto à seleção de áreas de vacância para favorecer a ligação de um grupo de fragmentos, foi proposto e aplicado em um cenário de habitat constituído pelo município de Sorocaba-SP. O modelo SIR (suitable index restoration) que fornece dados sobre a permeabilidade ou resistência foi aplicado para avaliação da matriz. Como amostragem, foram selecionados fragmentos com área maior do que 50ha. Para a seleção de pontos de conexão foi desenvolvido o método multi-buffer. A fusão de dados entre o modelo (SIR) e os padrões que ocorrem na matriz apontou regiões prioritárias para restauração, sendo 42,5% para restauração assistida. Os 25 maiores fragmentos foram precedentes para atribuir distâncias de ligações ente 60-120m. Com isso, foram identificados 9 pontos para aplicação do plano de restauração. Os vazios que fragmentam o corredor da biodiversidade foram determinantes para o design dos conectores ecológicos propostos para cada um dos diferentes cenários. Sendo que, 5 pontos apresentaram barreiras físicas e foram solucionados com a elaboração de passagens dos tipos subterrâneas ou aéreas. Em um dos casos foi utilizado um pequeno fragmento como trampolim para auxilio da conexão. Houve ainda, mudança na cobertura da terra e restauração passiva em um dos pontos ao longo de dois anos. A metodologia demonstrou efetividade na escolha de áreas que necessitam de restauração assistida para recomposição da paisagem. E o design de conectores pode contribuir para a literatura ampliando o campo de pesquisa e aplicação de projetos que visem conexões ecológicas.
The appropriate strategy to identify priority areas in a fragmented landscape and indicate proposals for adequacy to urban planning is an issue for biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. Human actions generate landscapes that are increasingly fragmented, requiring intervention through ecological connection projects to reestablish links to protected areas. However, there is little focus on the identification of barriers, which cause resistance to the percolation matrix. In this work, an innovative procedure, using matrix evaluation methods for percolation along with the selection of vacancy areas to define the attachment of a group of fragments, was proposed and applied in a habitat scenario constituted by the municipality of Sorocaba-SP. The SIR (suitable index restoration) model that provides permeability or resistance data was applied for matrix evaluation. As sampling, fragments with an area larger than 50ha were selected. For the selection of connection points, the multi-buffer method was developed. The data fusion between the model (SIR) and the patterns that occur in the matrix pointed to priority regions for restoration, with 42.5% for assisted restoration. The 25 largest fragments were precedent to assign distances of bonds between 60-120m. With this, 9 points were identified for the implementation of the restoration plan. The voids that fragment the biodiversity corridor were determinant for the design of the ecological connectors proposed for each of the different scenarios. In fact, 5 points presented physical barriers and were solved with the elaboration of subterranean or aerial types. In one case a small fragment was used as a trampoline to aid the connection. There was also, change in land cover and passive restoration at one of the points over two years. The methodology demonstrated effectiveness in the selection of areas that need assisted restoration to recompose the landscape. And the design of connectors can contribute to the literature by broadening the field of research and application of projects aimed at ecological connections.
The appropriate strategy to identify priority areas in a fragmented landscape and indicate proposals for adequacy to urban planning is an issue for biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. Human actions generate landscapes that are increasingly fragmented, requiring intervention through ecological connection projects to reestablish links to protected areas. However, there is little focus on the identification of barriers, which cause resistance to the percolation matrix. In this work, an innovative procedure, using matrix evaluation methods for percolation along with the selection of vacancy areas to define the attachment of a group of fragments, was proposed and applied in a habitat scenario constituted by the municipality of Sorocaba-SP. The SIR (suitable index restoration) model that provides permeability or resistance data was applied for matrix evaluation. As sampling, fragments with an area larger than 50ha were selected. For the selection of connection points, the multi-buffer method was developed. The data fusion between the model (SIR) and the patterns that occur in the matrix pointed to priority regions for restoration, with 42.5% for assisted restoration. The 25 largest fragments were precedent to assign distances of bonds between 60-120m. With this, 9 points were identified for the implementation of the restoration plan. The voids that fragment the biodiversity corridor were determinant for the design of the ecological connectors proposed for each of the different scenarios. In fact, 5 points presented physical barriers and were solved with the elaboration of subterranean or aerial types. In one case a small fragment was used as a trampoline to aid the connection. There was also, change in land cover and passive restoration at one of the points over two years. The methodology demonstrated effectiveness in the selection of areas that need assisted restoration to recompose the landscape. And the design of connectors can contribute to the literature by broadening the field of research and application of projects aimed at ecological connections.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Corredores (Ecologia), Corridors (Ecology), Conectividade ecológica, Métodos de seleção de corredores, Design de conectores, Ecological connectivity, Corridor selection methods, Connector design, Ecological corridor