Cada casa é um caso: Competências relacionais em assistência domiciliar, na perspectiva do profissional de saúde
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Data
2019-05-03
Autores
Almeida, Spártaco Galvão Fogaça de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa na qual se identificou, descreveu e analisou, a partir da percepção de profissionais de saúde de serviços de Assistência Domiciliar (AD), o conjunto de competências relacionais por eles empregadas, com ênfase na apropriação por parte do profissional e relevância para construção do vínculo terapêutico no contexto domiciliar. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com oito membros de dois serviços de AD, do total de quatro do município de Campinas/SP, compondo-se amostra intencional de cinco diferentes categorias entre as 11 atuantes. Procedeu-se a análise de conteúdo desse material, segundo o referencial de Bardin, estabelecendo-se categorias analíticas. Os resultados demonstraram seis competências relacionais identificadas, sendo atitude empática considerada a mais importante, e as demais: conhecimento técnico, comunicação, gestão do cuidado, delimitar papel profissional, promover autonomia. A importância do vínculo e também seu caráter terapêutico foram referidos com destaque pelos entrevistados. Todas as competências foram apreendidas no contato com os serviços de AD, pacientes e famílias atendidas, e a partir dos colegas; processo esse que sensibilizou os profissionais para princípios da atenção integral à saúde. Foi relatado interesse em aperfeiçoar competências para manejo psicológico e cuidados paliativos. Concluiu-se que o desenvolvimento e aplicação dessas competências é essencial em AD, embora isso não tenha sido contemplado na formação profissional ou nos protocolos técnicos para a modalidade assistencial.
It is a qualitative research in which the set of relational competences they employ was identified, described and analyzed, from the perception of health professionals of Home Care services (HC), with emphasis on the appropriation by the professional and relevance for the construction of the therapeutic bond in the home context. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with eight members of two HC services, from a total of four in the municipality of Campinas/SP, making up an intentional sample of five different categories among the 11 participants. The content analysis of this material was made, according to Bardin’s framework, establishing analytical categories. The results demonstrated six relational competences identified, being empathic attitude considered the most important, and the others: technical knowledge, communication, care management, delimit professional role, promote autonomy. The importance of the bond and also its therapeutic character were highlighted with emphasis by the interviewees. All competences were learned in contact with the HC services, patients and families assisted, and from colleagues; this process made professionals aware of the principles of comprehensive health care. Interest in improving competences for psychological management and palliative care has been reported. It has been concluded that the development and application of these competences is essential in HC, although this has not been contemplated in professional training or technical protocols for the care modality.
It is a qualitative research in which the set of relational competences they employ was identified, described and analyzed, from the perception of health professionals of Home Care services (HC), with emphasis on the appropriation by the professional and relevance for the construction of the therapeutic bond in the home context. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with eight members of two HC services, from a total of four in the municipality of Campinas/SP, making up an intentional sample of five different categories among the 11 participants. The content analysis of this material was made, according to Bardin’s framework, establishing analytical categories. The results demonstrated six relational competences identified, being empathic attitude considered the most important, and the others: technical knowledge, communication, care management, delimit professional role, promote autonomy. The importance of the bond and also its therapeutic character were highlighted with emphasis by the interviewees. All competences were learned in contact with the HC services, patients and families assisted, and from colleagues; this process made professionals aware of the principles of comprehensive health care. Interest in improving competences for psychological management and palliative care has been reported. It has been concluded that the development and application of these competences is essential in HC, although this has not been contemplated in professional training or technical protocols for the care modality.
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Assistência domiciliar, Competências relacionais, Sistema Único de Saúde, Home care, Relational competences, Unified Health System