Qualidade fisiológica, enzimas antioxidantes e teores de macronutrientes em sementes de berinjela em função de idades e tempos de repouso pós-colheita dos frutos
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Data
2019-07-29
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As constantes alterações durante o processo de maturação afetam a qualidade das sementes. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a qualidade fisiológica, enzimas antioxidantes e teores de macronutrientes em sementes de berinjela em função de idades e tempos de repouso pós-colheita dos frutos. Para isto, foram colhidos frutos aos 40, 50, 60 e 70 dias após a antese (DAA) e mantidos com 0, 10 e 20 dias de repouso pós-colheita. Foram avaliadas as seguintes características nas sementes: porcentagem de sementes beneficiadas, massa de mil sementes, germinação, primeira contagem no teste de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG), concentração de proteínas solúveis totais, atividade das enzimas antioxidantes superóxido dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) e peroxidase (POX), massa seca de mil sementes e os teores dos macronutrientes das sementes. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e de regressão para verificar o efeito da idade do fruto nas características avaliadas. Para a comparação dos tempos de repouso pós-colheita foi utilizado o teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. O repouso pós-colheita (RPC) dos frutos aumenta a qualidade fisiológica (germinação e vigor) de sementes de frutos imaturos, mas não afeta a qualidade de sementes de frutos maduros com 60 DAA. A atividade enzimática da SOD, CAT e POX das sementes diminui com a idade do fruto. O período de repouso pós-colheita de frutos interfere na atividade enzimática (SOD, CAT e POX). O teor de nitrogênio nas sementes diminui com o aumento da idade dos frutos, no entanto, o RPC não afetou o teor de nitrogênio. Para os teores de K, Mg, S e Ca obteve-se interação entre a idade e o repouso pós-colheita dos frutos, porém, em média, os teores destes nutrientes diminuem com o aumento da idade do fruto e com o RPC. A ordem decrescente dos teores dos macronutrientes nas sementes é N>K>P>Mg>S>Ca.
The constant changes during the maturation process affect the quality of the seeds. The objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological quality, enzymatic activity and macronutrient contents in eggplant seeds obtained from fruits harvested with different ages and post-harvest rest periods. For this, fruits were harvested at 40, 50, 60 and 70 days after anthesis (DAA), with 0, 10 and 20 days of post-harvest rest. The following characteristics were evaluated in the seeds: percentage of seeds processed, weight of one thousand seeds, germination, first count in the germination test, germination speed index (GSI), total soluble protein concentration, activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX), dry weight of one thousand seeds and the contents of the macronutrients of the seeds. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and regression to verify the effect of fruit age on the evaluated characteristics. For the comparison of the post-harvest rest times, the Tukey test at 5% of probability was used. The post-harvest rest (PHR) of the fruits increases the physiological quality (germination and vigor) of seeds of immature fruits, but does not affect the quality of seeds of mature fruits with 60 DAA. Enzyme activity of SOD, CAT and POX of seeds decreases with fruit age. The PHR period of fruits does interfere in the enzymatic activity (SOD, CAT and POX). The nitrogen content in seeds decreased with increasing fruit age, however, the PHR did not affect the nitrogen content. The contents of K, Mg, S and Ca present an interaction between the age and the PHR of the fruits, but, on average, it was observed that the contents of these nutrients decreased with the increase of the age of the fruit and with the PHR. The decreasing order of macronutrient contents in the seeds was N> K> P> Mg> S> Ca.
The constant changes during the maturation process affect the quality of the seeds. The objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological quality, enzymatic activity and macronutrient contents in eggplant seeds obtained from fruits harvested with different ages and post-harvest rest periods. For this, fruits were harvested at 40, 50, 60 and 70 days after anthesis (DAA), with 0, 10 and 20 days of post-harvest rest. The following characteristics were evaluated in the seeds: percentage of seeds processed, weight of one thousand seeds, germination, first count in the germination test, germination speed index (GSI), total soluble protein concentration, activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX), dry weight of one thousand seeds and the contents of the macronutrients of the seeds. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and regression to verify the effect of fruit age on the evaluated characteristics. For the comparison of the post-harvest rest times, the Tukey test at 5% of probability was used. The post-harvest rest (PHR) of the fruits increases the physiological quality (germination and vigor) of seeds of immature fruits, but does not affect the quality of seeds of mature fruits with 60 DAA. Enzyme activity of SOD, CAT and POX of seeds decreases with fruit age. The PHR period of fruits does interfere in the enzymatic activity (SOD, CAT and POX). The nitrogen content in seeds decreased with increasing fruit age, however, the PHR did not affect the nitrogen content. The contents of K, Mg, S and Ca present an interaction between the age and the PHR of the fruits, but, on average, it was observed that the contents of these nutrients decreased with the increase of the age of the fruit and with the PHR. The decreasing order of macronutrient contents in the seeds was N> K> P> Mg> S> Ca.
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Solanum melongena L., Atividade enzimática, Maturação, Nutrientes, Enzymatic activity, Maturation, Nutrients