Efeitos das épocas de plantio e das doses de fósforo sobre a produtividade e qualidade de cultivares de batata-doce
Data
2019-08-02
Autores
Nunes, Jason Geter da Silva
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A batata-doce é uma cultura que possui alta capacidade de adaptabilidade às diferentes condições climáticas, de solos e resistência às pragas, por isso tem sido cultivada em várias regiões do mundo. Contudo, no seu cultivo ainda há déficit tecnológico, devido à falta de informações e conhecimentos adequados, principalmente, sobre a nutrição mineral das plantas, o que pode resultar em baixas produtividades e qualidade das raízes. O fósforo (P) é um nutriente essencial às plantas e tem atuação na respiração, produção e processos de transformação de energia pela planta, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento radicular. Desta forma, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da adubação fosfatada sobre a produtividade e qualidade de raízes tuberosas de batata. Foram conduzidos quatro ensaios, ambos com delineamento em blocos casualizados, com esquema fatorial 2 x 5 x 2, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em duas cultivares (Uruguaiana e Canadense); cinco doses de P2O5 (0, 50, 100, 200 e 400 kg ha-1) e duas épocas de cultivo (primeira época: outubro a abril e segunda época: março a outubro). A cultivar Canadense é mais produtiva do que a Uruguaiana, independentemente da época cultivada. Para ambas as cultivares, a época de cultivo entre os meses de outubro e abril proporciona maior produtividade do que a época entre os meses de março a outubro. A produtividade de raízes tuberosas da cultivar Canadense aumenta cerca de 6 toneladas ha-1 com o incremento das doses de fósforo, atingindo uma produção de 28 toneladas -1, mas não ocorre o mesmo com a Uruguaiana. Em solo de baixo teor de fósforo, doses do nutriente entre 100 e 150 kg ha-1 de P2O5 são suficientes para promover o crescimento das plantas e aumentar a produtividade. Em relação as características físico químicas, a cultivar Uruguaiana tem melhor qualidade de raízes tuberosa em relação a Canadense. A segunda época proporcionou melhor qualidade de raízes tuberosas, independentemente das cultivares. As doses de fósforo interferem nas propriedades físico química das raízes tuberosas.
Sweet potato is a crop that has high adaptability to different climatic conditions, soil and pest resistance, so it has been cultivated in various regions of the world. However, in its cultivation there is still a technological deficit, due to the lack of adequate information and knowledge, especially about the mineral nutrition of the plants, which may result in low yields and root quality. Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for plants and acts on respiration, production and energy transformation processes by the plant, contributing to root development. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of phosphate fertilization on potato tuber yield and quality. Four trials were conducted, both with a randomized block design, with a 2 x 5 x 2 factorial scheme, with four replications. The treatments consisted of two cultivars (Uruguaiana and Canadense); five doses of P2O5 (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 kg ha-1) and two growing seasons (first season: October to April and second season: March to October). The Canadense cultivar is more productive than the Uruguaiana cultivar, regardless of the growing season. For both cultivars, the growing season between October and April provides higher productivity than the season between March and October. The yield of tuberous roots of the Canadense cultivar increases about 6 tons ha-1 with increasing phosphorus doses, reaching a production of 28 tons ha-1, but not the same with Uruguaiana. In low phosphorus soil, nutrient doses between 100 and 150 kg ha-1 of P2O5 are sufficient to promote plant growth and increase yield. Regarding the physicochemical characteristics, the cultivar Uruguaiana has better quality of tuberous roots than Canadense. The second season provided better quality of tuberous roots, regardless of the cultivars. Phosphorus doses interfere with the physical chemical properties of tuberous roots.
Sweet potato is a crop that has high adaptability to different climatic conditions, soil and pest resistance, so it has been cultivated in various regions of the world. However, in its cultivation there is still a technological deficit, due to the lack of adequate information and knowledge, especially about the mineral nutrition of the plants, which may result in low yields and root quality. Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for plants and acts on respiration, production and energy transformation processes by the plant, contributing to root development. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of phosphate fertilization on potato tuber yield and quality. Four trials were conducted, both with a randomized block design, with a 2 x 5 x 2 factorial scheme, with four replications. The treatments consisted of two cultivars (Uruguaiana and Canadense); five doses of P2O5 (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 kg ha-1) and two growing seasons (first season: October to April and second season: March to October). The Canadense cultivar is more productive than the Uruguaiana cultivar, regardless of the growing season. For both cultivars, the growing season between October and April provides higher productivity than the season between March and October. The yield of tuberous roots of the Canadense cultivar increases about 6 tons ha-1 with increasing phosphorus doses, reaching a production of 28 tons ha-1, but not the same with Uruguaiana. In low phosphorus soil, nutrient doses between 100 and 150 kg ha-1 of P2O5 are sufficient to promote plant growth and increase yield. Regarding the physicochemical characteristics, the cultivar Uruguaiana has better quality of tuberous roots than Canadense. The second season provided better quality of tuberous roots, regardless of the cultivars. Phosphorus doses interfere with the physical chemical properties of tuberous roots.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ipomoea batatas, Fósforo, Nutrição mineral