Comportamento termossensível de nanopartículas magnéticas revestidas com PNIPAm-co-PAA e PNVCL-co-PAA para liberação de fármacos
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Data
2019-07-12
Autores
Amantéa, Bruno Estevam
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A capacidade de alguns polímeros de mudar suas propriedades devido ao aumento da temperatura tornou-se uma possibilidade de aplicação para entrega de medicamentos. Polímeros compostos de n-isopropilacrilamida ou n-vinilcaprolactama são conhecidos pelo comportamento termoresponsivo devido a mudanças de estrutura com aumento de temperatura. Esses polímeros têm menor temperatura de solução crítica (LCST), acima da qual ocorrem mudanças nas interações intramoleculares e intermoleculares. Em temperaturas abaixo da LCST, os polímeros apresentam solubilidade em água e, acima da LCST, a estrutura colapsada resultará em uma fase insolúvel. Essa propriedade de transição estrutural permite que esses polímeros sejam aplicados no fornecimento de drogas, uma vez que, tornando-se insolúvel, o polímero irá expulsar moléculas de água em posições intercadeias e, consequentemente, um fármaco que esteja junto com essa água. Este trabalho combinou a característica de polímeros termosensíveis com nanopartículas magnéticas. O sistema estudado consiste em nanopartículas magnéticas revestidas com polímero, esterificados ou não, impregnados com solução medicamentosa (metotrexato ou diclofenaco de potássio). O revestimento polimérico nas nanoparticulas magnéticas foi detectado por FTIR, curvas termogravimétricas e análise do potencial zeta. A propriedade termossenssivel foi detectada em ambos os revestimentos utilizando poli (N-isoproprilacrilamida ou poli (N-vinilcaprolactama) com ácido acrílico. Através de DLS, foi possivel identificar que a LCST do copolímero diminui após a esterificação com 1-pentanol. As nanopartículas revestidas foram submetidas à hipertermia magnética e a capacidade de geração de calor dessas partículas foi identificada mesmo após o processo de esterificação. A capacidade de carregar e liberar metotrexato e diclofenaco de potássio foi estudada por espectroscopia UV mostrando diferenças devido à esterificação, ou seja, após a esterificação e com uma LCST menor, foi possível identificar uma liberação maior em função do tempo para ambos os medicamentos.
The ability of some polymers to change their properties due to the increase in temperature has become a possibility of application in drug delivery. Polymers composed of n-isopropylacrylamide or n-vinylcaprolactam are known as thermoresponsive due major structure changes with temperature increase. These polymers present a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) caused by a change in intramolecular interactions. At temperatures below the LCST the polymers present solubility in water and above the collapsed structure will results in an insoluble phase. This property of structural transition is closely observed by studies focused on drug delivery, since by becoming insoluble, the polymer expel water from structure and, consequently, any drug in solution. This work had the objective of combining the characteristic of thermosensitive polymers with magnetic nanoparticles. Magnetic nanoparticles were coated with these polymers, acting as substrates, and were able to provide heat through magnetic hyperthermia. The studied system consists in magnetic nanoparticles coated with polymer, esterified or not, impregnated with drug solution (methotrexate or potassium diclofenac). This work showed the general properties of the polymer coating by using Fourier transformed IR spectroscopy, zeta potential, dynamic light scattering. As results, the coating was made successfully, there is a decrease in the hydrodynamic diameter as the temperature has increased. The coated nanoparticles were subjected to magnetic hyperthermia and the heat generating capacity of these particles was identified. The ability to charge and release methotrexate, studied by UV spectroscopy, shows differences due esterification, considering structural factors, and demonstrates a major role of temperature control the release of methotrexate and potassium diclofenac.
The ability of some polymers to change their properties due to the increase in temperature has become a possibility of application in drug delivery. Polymers composed of n-isopropylacrylamide or n-vinylcaprolactam are known as thermoresponsive due major structure changes with temperature increase. These polymers present a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) caused by a change in intramolecular interactions. At temperatures below the LCST the polymers present solubility in water and above the collapsed structure will results in an insoluble phase. This property of structural transition is closely observed by studies focused on drug delivery, since by becoming insoluble, the polymer expel water from structure and, consequently, any drug in solution. This work had the objective of combining the characteristic of thermosensitive polymers with magnetic nanoparticles. Magnetic nanoparticles were coated with these polymers, acting as substrates, and were able to provide heat through magnetic hyperthermia. The studied system consists in magnetic nanoparticles coated with polymer, esterified or not, impregnated with drug solution (methotrexate or potassium diclofenac). This work showed the general properties of the polymer coating by using Fourier transformed IR spectroscopy, zeta potential, dynamic light scattering. As results, the coating was made successfully, there is a decrease in the hydrodynamic diameter as the temperature has increased. The coated nanoparticles were subjected to magnetic hyperthermia and the heat generating capacity of these particles was identified. The ability to charge and release methotrexate, studied by UV spectroscopy, shows differences due esterification, considering structural factors, and demonstrates a major role of temperature control the release of methotrexate and potassium diclofenac.
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Palavras-chave
Nanopartículas, Tecnologia de liberação controlada, Copolímeros, Magnetita, Revestimentos