Diversidade de ácaros Gamasina (Mesostigmata) edáficos em sistema de plantio direto e sistema de integração lavoura, pecuária e floresta (ILPF) no estado do Mato Grosso
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Data
2019-07-24
Autores
Castro, Matheus Cardoso de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Atualmente há pouco conhecimento sobre o impacto dos sistemas de cultivo sobre a diversidade da fauna edáfica, incluindo dos ácaros predadores Gamasina (Mesostigmata). O primeiro passo para entender a influência das práticas agrícolas na biota do solo é justamente conhecer a diversidade de organismos destes ambientes. Sendo assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi conhecer, determinar e comparar a diversidade de ácaros Gamasina (Mesostigmata) edáficos em plantios de soja em sistema de plantio direto e em sistema de cultivo integração lavoura, pecuária e floresta (ILPF), localizados no bioma Cerrado, no estado do Mato Grosso. Amostras de folhedo e solo foram coletadas em cultivos de soja em uma área em sistema de plantio direto com apenas um cultura (SPD) e em uma área área com sistema ILPF, também em plantio direto. Os resultados indicaram que a maior abundância de ácaros foi encontrada em sistema SPD em relação ao sistema ILPF. A maior abundância encontrada nas amostras de solos nos dois sistemas de cultivo foi da família Rhodacaridae, enquanto para as amostras de folhedo foram as famílias Laelapidae e Macrochelidae. Observou-se que o fator floresta do sistema ILPF não apresentou diferencial em relação ao sistema SPD. Tal fato pode ter ocorrido devido as mesmas atividades de tratos culturais ocorrerem em ambas as áreas, além da possibilidade de o tempo de implantação de ILPF ser curto. A espécie Gamasellodes sp. nov. foi encontrada no estudo e descrita, sendo disponibilizada a chave de identificação para espécies do mundo de Gamasellodes.
Currently knowledge about the impact of cropping systems on the diversity of edaphic fauna is incipient, including Gamasina (Mesostigmata) predatory mites. The first step to understand the influence of agricultural practices on soil biota is to know the diversity of organisms in these environments. Thus, the objective of this research was to know, determine and compare the diversity of edaphic Gamasina (Mesostigmata) mites in soybean crops under no-tillage system and in crop, livestock and forest integration system (ILPF), in the Cerrado biome, in the state of Mato Grosso. Litter and soil samples were collected from soybean crops in an area under no-tillage system (SPD) and in an area with ILPF system, also under no-tillage. The results indicated that the higher abundance of mites was found in SPD in relation to ILPF. The highest abundance of edaphic mites found on soil samples in both cropping systems was from the Rhodacaridae family, while the litter samples were the families Laelapidae and Macrochelidae. It was observed that the forest factor of the integrated crop, livestock and forestry system did not differ in relation to the SPD. This fact could have occurred due to the same crops activities occurring in both areas, besides the possibility of the time of implantation of the ILPF system to be short. In addition, a new species has been found. The species Gamasellodes sp. nov was found in the study and described, and the identification key for species in the world of Gamasellodes has been made available.
Currently knowledge about the impact of cropping systems on the diversity of edaphic fauna is incipient, including Gamasina (Mesostigmata) predatory mites. The first step to understand the influence of agricultural practices on soil biota is to know the diversity of organisms in these environments. Thus, the objective of this research was to know, determine and compare the diversity of edaphic Gamasina (Mesostigmata) mites in soybean crops under no-tillage system and in crop, livestock and forest integration system (ILPF), in the Cerrado biome, in the state of Mato Grosso. Litter and soil samples were collected from soybean crops in an area under no-tillage system (SPD) and in an area with ILPF system, also under no-tillage. The results indicated that the higher abundance of mites was found in SPD in relation to ILPF. The highest abundance of edaphic mites found on soil samples in both cropping systems was from the Rhodacaridae family, while the litter samples were the families Laelapidae and Macrochelidae. It was observed that the forest factor of the integrated crop, livestock and forestry system did not differ in relation to the SPD. This fact could have occurred due to the same crops activities occurring in both areas, besides the possibility of the time of implantation of the ILPF system to be short. In addition, a new species has been found. The species Gamasellodes sp. nov was found in the study and described, and the identification key for species in the world of Gamasellodes has been made available.
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Diversidade, Ácaros edáficos, Taxonomia, Diversity, Edaphic mites, Taxonomy