A historiografia brasileira da escravidão nos anos 1980: do enunciado ao eclipsado
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Data
2019-08-15
Autores
Adolfo, Roberto Manoel Andreoni [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Com a implantação dos cursos de pós-graduação no Brasil, a partir dos anos 1970, a historiografia brasileira passou por algumas transformações que implicaram mudanças tanto de ordem institucional quanto teórico-metodológica. Nas últimas décadas, vários estudiosos veem se dedicando a compreender os reais contornos das mudanças historiográficas ocorridas a partir deste período. Esta tese faz parte desse conjunto de trabalhos e teve como objetivo principal refletir como tais transformações historiográficas se deram dentro do campo específico da história da escravidão no Brasil. Para isso, o estudo dividiu-se em duas partes complementares. A primeira buscou identificar e analisar os principais enunciados até então emitidos sobre a historiografia da escravidão durante os anos 1980, momento em que os cursos de pós-graduação apresentavam sinais de amadurecimento e as mudanças historiográficas mostravam-se mais nítidas. Três enunciados principais foram identificados. O primeiro, encabeçado por Jacob Gorender, afirmava ser a renovação historiográfica dos anos 1980 um movimento de retorno às teses de Gilberto Freyre. O segundo enunciado, por sua vez, emitido sobretudo por Ciro Flamarion Cardoso, entendia que a produção do período sinalizava a autenticação e o aprofundamento de sua tese que compreendia a existência de um modo de produção escravista colonial regendo a sociedade escravista. Por fim, identificou-se um terceiro enunciado, emitido por S. Chalhoub, Silvia H. Lara e Maria H. Machado, que entendia como característica essencial da historiografia dos anos 1980 a afirmação do escravizado enquanto agente histórico. A segunda parte, por sua vez, tratou de analisar o conjunto de trabalhos que foram desconsiderados no processo de formulação dos enunciados identificados na primeira parte da tese. A este grupo de pesquisas, composto por artigos, teses e dissertações, foi dado o nome de historiografia eclipsada que, vale ressaltar, apresentou superioridade numérica expressiva se comparada à historiografia não eclipsada. A segunda parte da tese, então, dedicou-se a compreender as principais diretrizes da historiografia eclipsada. A partir deste exercício verificou-se, em primeiro lugar, que tal produção não apresentava lastro para a emissão dos enunciados formulados até então. Em segundo lugar, evidenciou-se que uma parte da historiografia eclipsada apareceu marcada por quatro eixos temáticos: os aspectos sociais da vida do escravizado, a abolição, a economia escravista e o trabalho. Sua outra parte, no entanto, revelou uma considerável multiplicidade de temáticas. No geral, chegou-se a conclusão de que tal conjunto de estudos foi, por um lado, diverso da historiografia não eclipsada e, por outro, sinalizou o surgimento de novas temáticas, inexistentes também na historiografia precedente.
With the implementation of postgraduate courses in Brazil, emerged from 1970, Brazilian historiography underwent some transformations that implied the change in both institutional and theoretical-methodological form. In the last decades, several scholars have been devoting themselves to a knowledge of the historiographic changes that have occurred since this period. This research is part of this research group and its purpose is to analyze the historiography of slavery. On this, the study is divided into two complementary parts. The first part sought to identify and analyze the statements issued about the history of slavery during the 1980s. Three statements were identified. The first, issued by Jacob Gorender, says that the historiographical renewal of the 1980s is a movement that takes up again the Gilberto Freyre arguments. The second statement, in turn, issued mainly by Ciro Flamarion Cardoso, understood that the production of the period signaled the authentication and deepening of his thesis that included the existence of a colonial slave production mode governing slave society. Finally, a third statement was identified, emitted by S. Chalhoub, Silvia H. Lara and Maria H. Machado, who understood as an essential characteristic of the historiography of the 1980s the affirmation of the enslaved as historical agent. The second part, in turn, sought to analyze the set of works that were disregarded in the process of formulating the statements identified in the first part of the thesis. This source group, composed of articles, theses and dissertations, was given the name of eclipsed historiography which presented expressive numerical superiority when compared to non-eclipsed historiography. The second part of the thesis then devoted itself to understanding the main directives of eclipsed historiography. From this exercise was verified, first, that such production did not present ballast for the emission of statements formulated until then. Secondly, it was evident that part of the eclipsed historiography appeared marked by four thematic axes: the social aspects of the life of the enslaved, the abolition, the slave economy and the work. His other part, however, revealed a considerable multiplicity of themes. In general, it was concluded that such a set of studies was, on the one part, different from unclouded historiography and, on the other part, signaled the emergence of new themes, which did not exist in the previous historiography.
With the implementation of postgraduate courses in Brazil, emerged from 1970, Brazilian historiography underwent some transformations that implied the change in both institutional and theoretical-methodological form. In the last decades, several scholars have been devoting themselves to a knowledge of the historiographic changes that have occurred since this period. This research is part of this research group and its purpose is to analyze the historiography of slavery. On this, the study is divided into two complementary parts. The first part sought to identify and analyze the statements issued about the history of slavery during the 1980s. Three statements were identified. The first, issued by Jacob Gorender, says that the historiographical renewal of the 1980s is a movement that takes up again the Gilberto Freyre arguments. The second statement, in turn, issued mainly by Ciro Flamarion Cardoso, understood that the production of the period signaled the authentication and deepening of his thesis that included the existence of a colonial slave production mode governing slave society. Finally, a third statement was identified, emitted by S. Chalhoub, Silvia H. Lara and Maria H. Machado, who understood as an essential characteristic of the historiography of the 1980s the affirmation of the enslaved as historical agent. The second part, in turn, sought to analyze the set of works that were disregarded in the process of formulating the statements identified in the first part of the thesis. This source group, composed of articles, theses and dissertations, was given the name of eclipsed historiography which presented expressive numerical superiority when compared to non-eclipsed historiography. The second part of the thesis then devoted itself to understanding the main directives of eclipsed historiography. From this exercise was verified, first, that such production did not present ballast for the emission of statements formulated until then. Secondly, it was evident that part of the eclipsed historiography appeared marked by four thematic axes: the social aspects of the life of the enslaved, the abolition, the slave economy and the work. His other part, however, revealed a considerable multiplicity of themes. In general, it was concluded that such a set of studies was, on the one part, different from unclouded historiography and, on the other part, signaled the emergence of new themes, which did not exist in the previous historiography.
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historiografia, teoria, Brasil, escravidão