Avaliação da Influência térmica de um jardim vertical de tipologia parede viva contínua
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Data
2019-08-26
Autores
Cruciol-Barbosa, Murilo
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O jardim vertical é todo sistema que permite o crescimento e o desenvolvimento da vegetação em superfícies verticalizadas. A parede viva é o tipo de jardim vertical que demanda maior tecnologia de produção e instalação e o seu modelo “parede viva contínua” é constituída por camadas (perfis metálicos, placas estruturantes, feltro, substrato e vegetação) que junto com uma cavidade de ar existente entre o jardim e a edificação funciona como uma proteção contra radiação solar incidente. A influência térmica da parede viva ocorre pela ação de quatro mecanismos que atuam em conjunto: sombreamento, isolamento térmico, barreira de vento e resfriamento evapotranspirativo. O mecanismo de sombreamento ocorre pela ação do sistema de jardim vertical que sombreia a superfície da parede e impede a incidência solar direta, sendo um dos mais importantes na influência térmica do jardim. Além disso, por meio do mecanismo evapotranspirativo, o jardim também influencia o microclima do seu entorno imediato. Assim, o presente projeto objetivou identificar o impacto de um jardim vertical de tipologia “parede viva contínua” na redução das temperaturas superficiais de uma parede e nos microclimas do seu entorno imediato (temperatura do ar, umidade absoluta e temperatura radiante média), em diferentes condições de tempo. Para isso, foi construída um jardim experimental, com delimitação de uma parcela controle. Os resultados mostraram influência significativa do jardim sobre as temperaturas superficiais e o mecanismo de sombreamento foi responsável por uma redução na temperatura superficial externa de no máximo 9,4 °C e 10,6 °C e de 2,8 °C e 2,9 °C da temperatura superficial interna, para condição de tempo “frio e seco” e “quente e úmido”, respectivamente. O jardim também criou um amortecimento térmico para as temperaturas superficiais da parcela protegida em relação à parcela controle de até 8,4 °C e 8,6 °C para temperaturas superficiais externas e 2,7 °C para internas em condições de tempo “frio e seco” e “quente e úmido”, respectivamente. Além disso, o jardim influenciou o seu entorno imediato mantendo o ponto a 0,50 m dele com maiores valores de umidade absoluta e manteve as temperaturas do ar e radiante média menores durante o período sem incidência solar direta em relação à parede controle nos dois períodos de campanha de monitoramento.
The vertical garden is any system that allows the growth and development of vegetation on vertical surfaces. The living wall is the typology of vertical garden that demands the most production and installation technology and its “continuous living wall” model consists of layers (metal profiles, structural plates, felt, substrate and vegetation) that together with an air cavity between the garden and the building acts as a protection against solar radiation. The thermal influence of the living wall occurs through the action of four mechanisms that act together: shading, thermal insulation, wind barrier and evapotranspiration cooling. The shading mechanism occurs by the action of the vertical garden system that shades the wall surface and prevents direct sunlight, being one of the most important in the thermal influence of the vertical garden. In addition, through the evapotranspiration mechanism, the vertical garden also influences the microclimate of its immediate surroundings. Thus, the present project aimed to identify the impact of a vertical garden of “continuous living wall” typology in the reduction of the surface temperatures of a wall and in the microclimates of its immediate surroundings (air temperature, absolute humidity and average radiant temperature), in different weather conditions. For this, an experimental garden was built, with delimitation of a control plot. The results showed a significant influence of the vertical garden on the surface temperatures and the shading mechanism was responsible for a reduction in the external surface temperature of maximum 9.4 ° C and 10.6 ° C and 2.8 ° C and 2.9. ° C of internal surface temperature, for “cold and dry” and “hot and humid” weather conditions, respectively. The garden has also created thermal damping for the protected plot surface temperatures relative to the control plot up to 8.4 ° C and 8.6 ° C for external surface temperatures and 2.7 ° C for internal in “cold and dry” and “hot and humid” weather conditions, respectively. In addition, the vertical garden influenced its immediate surroundings by keeping the point at 0.50 m from it with higher absolute humidity values and maintaining lower average air and radiant temperatures during the period without direct radiation in relation to the control wall in both periods of monitoring campaign.
The vertical garden is any system that allows the growth and development of vegetation on vertical surfaces. The living wall is the typology of vertical garden that demands the most production and installation technology and its “continuous living wall” model consists of layers (metal profiles, structural plates, felt, substrate and vegetation) that together with an air cavity between the garden and the building acts as a protection against solar radiation. The thermal influence of the living wall occurs through the action of four mechanisms that act together: shading, thermal insulation, wind barrier and evapotranspiration cooling. The shading mechanism occurs by the action of the vertical garden system that shades the wall surface and prevents direct sunlight, being one of the most important in the thermal influence of the vertical garden. In addition, through the evapotranspiration mechanism, the vertical garden also influences the microclimate of its immediate surroundings. Thus, the present project aimed to identify the impact of a vertical garden of “continuous living wall” typology in the reduction of the surface temperatures of a wall and in the microclimates of its immediate surroundings (air temperature, absolute humidity and average radiant temperature), in different weather conditions. For this, an experimental garden was built, with delimitation of a control plot. The results showed a significant influence of the vertical garden on the surface temperatures and the shading mechanism was responsible for a reduction in the external surface temperature of maximum 9.4 ° C and 10.6 ° C and 2.8 ° C and 2.9. ° C of internal surface temperature, for “cold and dry” and “hot and humid” weather conditions, respectively. The garden has also created thermal damping for the protected plot surface temperatures relative to the control plot up to 8.4 ° C and 8.6 ° C for external surface temperatures and 2.7 ° C for internal in “cold and dry” and “hot and humid” weather conditions, respectively. In addition, the vertical garden influenced its immediate surroundings by keeping the point at 0.50 m from it with higher absolute humidity values and maintaining lower average air and radiant temperatures during the period without direct radiation in relation to the control wall in both periods of monitoring campaign.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Jardim vertical, Sistema de parede viva, Influência térmica, Temperatura superficial, Vertical garden, Living wall system, Thermal behavior, Surface temperature