Avaliação bioquímica e hematológica de cães infectados por Ancylostoma spp. – estudo retrospectivo
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2019-09-19
Autores
Santos, Bruna dos
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os parasitas do gênero Ancylostoma spp. são os helmintos de maior prevalência em cães no Brasil. Os relatos na literatura sobre as alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas, bem como de aspectos clínicos em cães naturalmente infectados por Ancylostoma spp. são escassos. O objetivo deste estudo retrospectivo foi avaliar aspectos epidemiológicos e clínico-patológicos de cães naturalmente infectados por Ancylostoma spp., atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da FMVZ, Unesp–campus Botucatu, no período de 2009 a 2018. Todos os dados foram obtidos a partir dos registros médicos, e um grupo controle foi criado prospectivamente. A presença de ovos de Ancylostoma spp. no teste de flutuação simples das fezes foi utilizado para selecionar os casos positivos. A prevalência geral de Ancylostoma spp. foi de 12,1% (207/1.715). Somente nos cães com Ancylostoma spp. e sem comorbidades (n=35), a mediana da contagem de eosinófilos (1,05 x 103 /µL) e a proporção de eosinofilia (34,4%) foram maiores que no grupo controle (0,45 x 103 / µL e 4,1%, respectivamente). Também nesses cães, a AUC da curva ROC foi significante (0,72), e ao utilizar ponto de corte de 0,85 x 103 / µL, obteve-se uma sensibilidade de 65,7% e uma especificidade de 70,8%. Nos cães com mais de um ano de idade com ancilostomose clínica (n=23), a diarreia (56,5%) e a hematoquezia (52,2%) foram os sinais mais relatados na anamnese. Houve diminuição significativa (P<0,05) na contagem de hemácias, hematócrito, concentrações de hemoglobina e albumina nos cães com ancilostomose em relação ao grupo controle, além do aumento na contagem de leucócitos totais, neutrófilos e eosinófilos. Quando não há comorbidades associadas à infecção por Ancylostoma spp., a eosinofilia é capaz de auxiliar na suspeita clínica. Nos cães adultos com ancilostomose, além dos sinais clínicos, também as alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas devem ser ponderadas para fornecer tratamento adequado e eficiente.
The parasites of the genus Ancylostoma spp. are the most prevalent helminths in dogs in Brazil. Reports in the literature about hematological and biochemical alterations, as well as clinical aspects in naturally infected dogs with Ancylostoma spp. are rare. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate epidemiological and clinical-pathological aspects of dogs naturally infected with Ancylostoma spp., presented at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Unesp – campus Botucatu, from 2009 to 2018. All data were obtained from medical records, and a control group was set up prospectively. The presence of Ancylostoma spp. eggs in feces by simple flotation test was used to select positive cases. The overall prevalence of Ancylostoma spp. was 12.1% (207 / 1,715). Only in dogs with Ancylostoma spp. and without comorbidities (n = 35), the median eosinophil blood count (1.05 x 103 /µL) and the proportion of eosinophilia (34.4%) were higher than in the control group (0.45 x 103 / µL and 4.1%, respectively). Also in these dogs, the ROC curve AUC was significant (0.72), and using a cutoff point of 0.85 x 103 / µL, a sensitivity of 65.7% and a specificity of 70.8% were obtained. In dogs older than one year old with clinical hookworm disease (n=23), diarrhea (56.5%) and dysentery (52.2%) were the most frequently reported signs in the anamnesis. There was a significant decrease (P <0.05) in red blood cell count, hematocrit, concentrations of hemoglobin and albumin in dogs with hookworm disease when compared to the control group, as well as a increase in leukocyte, neutrophil and eosinophil counts. Only when there are no comorbidities associated with Ancylostoma spp. infection, the eosinophilia is able to assist in clinical suspicion. In adult dogs with ancylostomosis, in addition to clinical signs, hematological and biochemical changes should also be considered to provide adequate and efficient treatment.
The parasites of the genus Ancylostoma spp. are the most prevalent helminths in dogs in Brazil. Reports in the literature about hematological and biochemical alterations, as well as clinical aspects in naturally infected dogs with Ancylostoma spp. are rare. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate epidemiological and clinical-pathological aspects of dogs naturally infected with Ancylostoma spp., presented at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Unesp – campus Botucatu, from 2009 to 2018. All data were obtained from medical records, and a control group was set up prospectively. The presence of Ancylostoma spp. eggs in feces by simple flotation test was used to select positive cases. The overall prevalence of Ancylostoma spp. was 12.1% (207 / 1,715). Only in dogs with Ancylostoma spp. and without comorbidities (n = 35), the median eosinophil blood count (1.05 x 103 /µL) and the proportion of eosinophilia (34.4%) were higher than in the control group (0.45 x 103 / µL and 4.1%, respectively). Also in these dogs, the ROC curve AUC was significant (0.72), and using a cutoff point of 0.85 x 103 / µL, a sensitivity of 65.7% and a specificity of 70.8% were obtained. In dogs older than one year old with clinical hookworm disease (n=23), diarrhea (56.5%) and dysentery (52.2%) were the most frequently reported signs in the anamnesis. There was a significant decrease (P <0.05) in red blood cell count, hematocrit, concentrations of hemoglobin and albumin in dogs with hookworm disease when compared to the control group, as well as a increase in leukocyte, neutrophil and eosinophil counts. Only when there are no comorbidities associated with Ancylostoma spp. infection, the eosinophilia is able to assist in clinical suspicion. In adult dogs with ancylostomosis, in addition to clinical signs, hematological and biochemical changes should also be considered to provide adequate and efficient treatment.
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Ancilostomose, Canino, Eosinofilia, Coinfecção