Mortes na vida e vidas na morte: análise de vivências de perdas e lutos em idosos residentes em asilo.
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Data
2019-09-30
Autores
Sabbadini, Aline
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Devido ao fenômeno do envelhecimento populacional e a incerteza da existência de cuidadores para essa população nota-se um aumento na procura de Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos (ILPIs), popularmente conhecidas como asilos. Essa pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar as experiências de perdas e lutos vividas pelos idosos asilados, partindo do pressuposto que a elaboração do luto não é apenas necessária quando há a morte concreta de um sujeito. A própria entrada no asilo acarreta uma série de perdas que precisam de elaboração, como o rompimento de vínculos com familiares e pessoas próximas, afastamento do mundo externo, perda da casa e de objetos, perda da autonomia, entre outras coisas. Entendemos que a fala é uma importante via para a elaboração desses lutos, tanto de mortes concretas como de mortes simbólicas. Para isso, recolhemos narrativas de oito residentes com idades entre 62 a 93 anos, de uma forma em que eles pudessem contar e recontar suas histórias quantas vezes fosse necessário, de modo a colocá-los como protagonistas da própria vida. Realizamos uma inserção semanal na instituição asilar ao longo de oito meses como forma de estabelecer a manutenção dos vínculos com os idosos e a possibilidade de estar junto deles e oferecer uma escuta adequada. Utilizamos a psicanálise como referencial metodológico a fim de averiguar os processos de luto enfrentados por essa população no contexto asilar. Ao oferecer uma escuta sensível pudemos descobrir enredos que tinham como protagonista o luto em suas diversas expressões, seja pela perda de pessoas significativas por morte ou por abandono, perda da autonomia e de condições de saúde física, além de outros relatos. O sentimento de desamparo permeou muitas narrativas. Também pudemos constatar que o processo de institucionalização pode intensificar as experiências de perdas anteriores. Isso acontece, principalmente, quando o sujeito não tem seu sofrimento legitimado e não possui um espaço em que possa falar sobre isso. Por outro lado, também há tramas permeadas pela capacidade de ressignificar experiências, apesar das limitações e exigências da instituição. Novos casais são formados, nos mostrando o aspecto desejante do sujeito, que não envelhece. A pesquisa aponta que é imprescindível criar possibilidades para o enfrentamento da condição asilar para esses idosos que residem e resistem nesse ambiente. Nos cabe ouvir e acolher as vozes e os silêncios que ecoam dentro dos muros da instituição. E fazer com que ressoem para fora desses muros, criando pontes.
Due to the populational aging phenomenon and the uncertainty of the existence of care takers for this population, we observe an increase in the search for Long-term care institutions for the elderly, largely known as nursing homes. This research take as na objective to analyze the grief and loss experiences undertaken by the institucionalized elderly, starting from the premise that grief elaboration is not only necessary in the concrete death of a subject. Even the entrance in a nursing home causes a series of losses that need to be elaborated, like the sundering of familiar and close persons links, the removal from the outside world, home and personal objects losses, autonomy loss, among others. We understand that the speech is a important way to elaborate those griefs, from concrete deaths as well as simbolic deaths. For this end, we gathered eight residents narratives, with ages between 62 and 93 years, in a way that they could tell and retell their histories as many times as was necessary, placing then as their own live’s protagonists. Through 8 months, we made a weekly visit to the nursing home to estabilish and maintain links with the elderly and the possibility to be together and offer a proper listening. For this purpose, psychoanalysis will be used as a method in order to ascertain the processes of grief faced by this population in the nursing home context. In offering a sensible listening we could discover story that had the grief in his various expressions as the protagonist, be it by the loss of significant ones, by death or abandonment, loss of autonomy and physical health losses, among other stories. The feeling of helplessness was present in many narratives. We noted that the institucionalization process can intensify previous loss experiences. This happens, mostly, when the subjects doesn’t have their suffering accepted and spaces that they can talk about it. There is also stories that shows an ability to re-signify experiences, against the institucional limitations and requirements. New couples are formed, showing that the subjects desiring aspect doen’t age. The research indicates that its important to create possibilities to confront the institucionalized condition. It falls to us to hear and welcome the voices and silences that ecos inside those institution’s walls. And make them ressonate outside these wall, creating bridges.
Due to the populational aging phenomenon and the uncertainty of the existence of care takers for this population, we observe an increase in the search for Long-term care institutions for the elderly, largely known as nursing homes. This research take as na objective to analyze the grief and loss experiences undertaken by the institucionalized elderly, starting from the premise that grief elaboration is not only necessary in the concrete death of a subject. Even the entrance in a nursing home causes a series of losses that need to be elaborated, like the sundering of familiar and close persons links, the removal from the outside world, home and personal objects losses, autonomy loss, among others. We understand that the speech is a important way to elaborate those griefs, from concrete deaths as well as simbolic deaths. For this end, we gathered eight residents narratives, with ages between 62 and 93 years, in a way that they could tell and retell their histories as many times as was necessary, placing then as their own live’s protagonists. Through 8 months, we made a weekly visit to the nursing home to estabilish and maintain links with the elderly and the possibility to be together and offer a proper listening. For this purpose, psychoanalysis will be used as a method in order to ascertain the processes of grief faced by this population in the nursing home context. In offering a sensible listening we could discover story that had the grief in his various expressions as the protagonist, be it by the loss of significant ones, by death or abandonment, loss of autonomy and physical health losses, among other stories. The feeling of helplessness was present in many narratives. We noted that the institucionalization process can intensify previous loss experiences. This happens, mostly, when the subjects doesn’t have their suffering accepted and spaces that they can talk about it. There is also stories that shows an ability to re-signify experiences, against the institucional limitations and requirements. New couples are formed, showing that the subjects desiring aspect doen’t age. The research indicates that its important to create possibilities to confront the institucionalized condition. It falls to us to hear and welcome the voices and silences that ecos inside those institution’s walls. And make them ressonate outside these wall, creating bridges.
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Palavras-chave
Asilos, Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos, Envelhecimento, Idoso, Luto