Território, finanças e land grabbing: tecnoesfera e psicoesfera na tentativa de transformação da terra agrícola em ativo financeiro e a expansão da fronteira agrícola brasileira
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Data
2019-05-24
Autores
Cogueto, Jaqueline Vigo [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Esta investigação trata da tentativa transformação de terras agrícolas em ativo financeiro por empresas que operam na principal região de expansão da fronteira agrícola brasileira – o MATOPIBA (acrônimo que refere-se aos estados do Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí e Bahia). A relevância dessa investigação surge da constatação dos impactos multiescalares (locais, regionais, nacionais e globais) decorrentes das empresas financeirizadas, cujas práticas estimulam o fenômeno denominado de land grabbing, um movimento acelerado de apropriação mundial e em larga escala de terras e recursos naturais por agentes financeiros e Estados Soberanos. Destaca-se que o interesse de alguns agentes em transformar a terra agrícola em ativo financeiro surge, sobretudo, após a crise financeira de 2007/2008, e decorre da busca de agentes financeiros por realizar investimentos rentáveis e seguros. Considerando que as transformações técnica e simbólica da terra são fundamentais para que estas passem a atender aos requisitos necessários para se tornar ativos financeiros passíveis de negociação e especulação no mercado financeiro, nosso objetivo foi analisar a lógica territorial de atuação das empresas financeirizadas e demonstrar o papel ativo do espaço geográfico na construção da fluidez e/ou da resistência ao capital financeiro global. Assim, nesta investigação, o MATOPIBA recebe distinta atenção por ser uma das principais regiões de interesse para o avanço das práticas do land grabbing no Brasil, devido as condições de que dispõe (como fatores edafoclimáticos, proximidade à infraestruturas básicas de circulação de mercadorias e preços de terras), consideradas pelas empresas controladas pelo capital financeiro como ideais para a realização de aquisições e posterior apreciação da terra agrícola. Trata-se, portanto, de verificar a hipótese de que há uma atualização no papel histórico que a terra cumpre como reserva de valor e fonte de acumulação futura de capital e, também, apreender que essa nova lógica de uso corporativo do território decorre da atuação de agentes do capital financeiro global. Por fim, com o intuito de compreender melhor as relações entre o capital financeiro e o território, buscamos também avaliar os conflitos e contradições (sociais, econômicos, territoriais) resultantes da atuação dos agentes financeiros na região do MATOPIBA.
This research deals with the pretension of transformation of agricultural land into financial assets by companies operating in the main expansion region of the Brazilian agricultural frontier – MATOPIBA (acronym referring to the states of Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí and Bahia). The relevance of this investigation emerges from the finding of multiscale impacts (local, regional, national and global) arising from financialized companies, whose practices stimulate the phenomenon called land grabbing, an accelerated movement of global and large-scale appropriation of land and natural resources by financial agents and sovereign states. It is noteworthy that the interest of some agents in turning agricultural land into a financial asset rises mainly after the financial crisis of 2007/2008, and stems from the search for financial agents to make profitable and secure investments. Considering that the technical and symbolic transformations of the land are fundamental for them to meet the necessary requirements to become financial assets that can be traded and speculated in the financial market, our objective was to analyze the territorial logic of financial companies and to demonstrate the active role of geographic space in the construction of fluidity and / or resistance to global financial capital. Thus, in this investigation, MATOPIBA receives distinct attention because it is one of the main regions of interest for the advancement of land grabbing practices in Brazil, due to the conditions at its disposal (such as edaphoclimatic factors, proximity to the basic infrastructure of goods circulation and land prices), considered by the companies controlled by the financial capital as ideal for the acquisition and subsequent appreciation of the agricultural land. Therefore, it is a matter of verifying the hypothesis that there is an update in the historical role that the land fulfills as a reserve of value and source of future capital accumulation and also to apprehend that this new logic of corporate use of the territory derives from of agents of global financial capital. Finally, in order to better understand the relationship between financial capital and the territory, we also seek to evaluate the conflicts and contradictions (social, economic, territorial) resulting from the performance of financial agents in the MATOPIBA region.
This research deals with the pretension of transformation of agricultural land into financial assets by companies operating in the main expansion region of the Brazilian agricultural frontier – MATOPIBA (acronym referring to the states of Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí and Bahia). The relevance of this investigation emerges from the finding of multiscale impacts (local, regional, national and global) arising from financialized companies, whose practices stimulate the phenomenon called land grabbing, an accelerated movement of global and large-scale appropriation of land and natural resources by financial agents and sovereign states. It is noteworthy that the interest of some agents in turning agricultural land into a financial asset rises mainly after the financial crisis of 2007/2008, and stems from the search for financial agents to make profitable and secure investments. Considering that the technical and symbolic transformations of the land are fundamental for them to meet the necessary requirements to become financial assets that can be traded and speculated in the financial market, our objective was to analyze the territorial logic of financial companies and to demonstrate the active role of geographic space in the construction of fluidity and / or resistance to global financial capital. Thus, in this investigation, MATOPIBA receives distinct attention because it is one of the main regions of interest for the advancement of land grabbing practices in Brazil, due to the conditions at its disposal (such as edaphoclimatic factors, proximity to the basic infrastructure of goods circulation and land prices), considered by the companies controlled by the financial capital as ideal for the acquisition and subsequent appreciation of the agricultural land. Therefore, it is a matter of verifying the hypothesis that there is an update in the historical role that the land fulfills as a reserve of value and source of future capital accumulation and also to apprehend that this new logic of corporate use of the territory derives from of agents of global financial capital. Finally, in order to better understand the relationship between financial capital and the territory, we also seek to evaluate the conflicts and contradictions (social, economic, territorial) resulting from the performance of financial agents in the MATOPIBA region.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Uso do território, Capital financeiro, Fronteira agrícola brasileira, Tecnoesfera, Psicoesfera, Use of territory, Financial capital, Brazilian agricultural frontier, Technosphere, Psychosphere