Comportamento do olhar durante a condução simulada de veículos: efeitos da privação de sono e da velocidade do veículo
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Data
2019-10-03
Autores
Simão, Rafael Oliveira
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Acidentes de trânsito são uma das principais causas de morte no país na atualidade; cerca de 25% dessas mortes estão relacionadas à falta de atenção e ao adormecimento. Neste estudo o controle visual da condução de automóveis foi exposto à manipulação de uma das importantes causas de acidentes e mortes, a privação do sono. Adicionalmente, este estudo aumentou a velocidade do automóvel para dificultar a tarefa e testar interações com a privação de sono. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar os efeitos da privação de sono e da velocidade do veículo sobre o comportamento dos olhos e o desempenho durante a condução simulada de automóvel. Vinte participantes, nas condições de privação de sono e não privação, conduziram um automóvel em um simulador em duas faixas de velocidades (lento: 80-100; rápido: 150-170 km/h) enquanto tinham gravados seus dados de desempenho e comportamento do olhar. Para a condição de privação do sono, os indivíduos foram orientados a acordar no máximo às 10 horas da manhã no dia anterior ao teste e se dirigir ao laboratório de estudos entre as 22 – 24 horas para permanecerem em privação sob a supervisão do pesquisador, realizando atividades recreacionais no computador ou com jogos de tabuleiro; para a condição de não privação, os indivíduos foram orientados a ter uma noite de sono reparador e se dirigir ao laboratório pela manhã. As variáveis dependentes da análise do desempenho do motorista foram: colisões por tentativa, duração da tentativa e número relativo de colisões; as variáveis da análise do olhar do motorista foram: número relativo de fixações e duração total relativa das fixações por área de interesse (velocímetro, pista, retrovisores e outras), área do olhar e diâmetro da pupila. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância de privação (não privado, privado) por velocidade do automóvel (lento, rápido), com medidas repetidas nos dois fatores. Os resultados do estudo revelaram que, com o aumento da velocidade do veículo, a área do olhar foi reduzida (p < 0,001) enquanto a duração total relativa e a fixação relativa na pista aumentaram (ps < 0,05). As variáveis do olhar dos motoristas não foram afetadas pela privação do sono mas os indivíduos privados de sono, interessantemente, apresentaram um maior número de colisões (p = 0,008) durante a condução lenta comparado à condição de condução rápida. Em síntese, motoristas jovens e experientes mantiveram o comportamento do olhar inalterado quando privados de sono, mas pioraram o desempenho na condução durante velocidade mais lenta.
Traffic accidents are one of the leading causes of death in the country today; About 25% of these deaths are related to inattention and falling asleep. In this study, the visual control of car driving was exposed to the manipulation of one of the important causes of accidents and deaths, sleep deprivation. Additionally, this study increased car speed to make the task difficult and to test interactions with sleep deprivation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of sleep deprivation and vehicle speed on eye behavior and performance during simulated car driving. Twenty participants, under sleep deprivation and non-deprivation conditions, drove a car in a two-speed simulator (slow: 80-100; fast: 150-170 km / h) while recording their performance and car behavior data. look. For the sleep deprivation condition, the subjects were instructed to wake up at 10 am on the day before the test and to go to the study laboratory between 22 - 24 hours to remain deprived under the supervision of the researcher. computer or board game recreational activities; For the non-deprivation condition, subjects were instructed to have a restful night's sleep and to go to the lab in the morning. The dependent variables of the driver performance analysis were: collisions by attempt, duration of the attempt and relative number of collisions; The variables of the driver's gaze analysis were: relative number of fixations and relative total duration of fixations by area of interest (speedometer, track, rear view mirrors and others), eye area and pupil diameter. Data were subjected to analysis of deprivation variance (non-private, private) by car speed (slow, fast), with repeated measures on both factors. The study results revealed that with increasing vehicle speed the eye area was reduced (p <0.001) while relative total duration and relative track fixation increased (ps <0.05). Drivers' gaze variables were not affected by sleep deprivation but sleep deprived individuals, interestingly, had a higher number of crashes (p = 0.008) during slow driving compared to the fast driving condition. In short, young and experienced drivers kept their gaze behavior unchanged when deprived of sleep, but worsened driving performance at slower speeds.
Traffic accidents are one of the leading causes of death in the country today; About 25% of these deaths are related to inattention and falling asleep. In this study, the visual control of car driving was exposed to the manipulation of one of the important causes of accidents and deaths, sleep deprivation. Additionally, this study increased car speed to make the task difficult and to test interactions with sleep deprivation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of sleep deprivation and vehicle speed on eye behavior and performance during simulated car driving. Twenty participants, under sleep deprivation and non-deprivation conditions, drove a car in a two-speed simulator (slow: 80-100; fast: 150-170 km / h) while recording their performance and car behavior data. look. For the sleep deprivation condition, the subjects were instructed to wake up at 10 am on the day before the test and to go to the study laboratory between 22 - 24 hours to remain deprived under the supervision of the researcher. computer or board game recreational activities; For the non-deprivation condition, subjects were instructed to have a restful night's sleep and to go to the lab in the morning. The dependent variables of the driver performance analysis were: collisions by attempt, duration of the attempt and relative number of collisions; The variables of the driver's gaze analysis were: relative number of fixations and relative total duration of fixations by area of interest (speedometer, track, rear view mirrors and others), eye area and pupil diameter. Data were subjected to analysis of deprivation variance (non-private, private) by car speed (slow, fast), with repeated measures on both factors. The study results revealed that with increasing vehicle speed the eye area was reduced (p <0.001) while relative total duration and relative track fixation increased (ps <0.05). Drivers' gaze variables were not affected by sleep deprivation but sleep deprived individuals, interestingly, had a higher number of crashes (p = 0.008) during slow driving compared to the fast driving condition. In short, young and experienced drivers kept their gaze behavior unchanged when deprived of sleep, but worsened driving performance at slower speeds.
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Palavras-chave
Visão, Controle de movimento, Movimento dos olhos, Pupila, Simulador de Direção, Privação de sono, Eye tracker, Sleep deprivation, Eye Movement, Motion Control, Vision