Dunite in annual crops: physiological changes, nutritional status in soybean and maize yield
Data
2019-09-06
Autores
Micheri, Pietro Hunger
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A crescente demanda por fertilizantes concomitante ao aumento dos preços desse insumo e a escassez de suas fontes levam a incessante busca por fontes alternativas de nutrientes para as plantas. Os afloramentos rochosos no Brasil coincidem com as localidades de áreas produtivas, tornando o acesso fácil dos produtores rurais à essas fontes, uma vez que o maior custo do pó de rocha está relacionado ao frete. Portanto, uma das alternativas estudadas é o uso de pó de dunito, rico em magnésio em culturas anuais, como soja e milho. Estas são uma das principais culturas do Brasil em área de produção. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de doses de pó de dunito no teor foliar de Magnésio (Mg) e Silício (Si), teores foliares de açúcares redutores, sacarose e amido, e atributos químicos de solo em dois tipos de solo. Os tratamentos consistiram em cinco doses de pó de dunito (0, 42, 208, 542 and 1542 mg kg-1) no solo argiloso e (0, 150, 238, 411 and 933 mg kg-1) no solo arenoso, respectivamente. Em ambos os solos, os teores de Mg e Si foliar, os açúcares redutores e glicose nas folhas, assim como pH, Mg, e Si do solo e os componentes de produção aumentaram com o aumento das doses de dunito. A melhor nutrição de Mg fornece menor teor de amido foliar e consequentemente melhor partição de metabolitos na planta, levando ao melhor desenvolvimento, enchimento e produção de grãos de soja.
The growing demand for fertilizers, coupled with the increase in fertilizer prices and the scarcity of fertilizer sources, lead to the incessant search for alternative sources of nutrients for the plants. The rocky outcrops in Brazil coincide with the localities of agriculture productive areas, making access easy for rural producers to these sources, since the higher cost of rock dust is related to the transport. Therefore, one of the alternatives studied is the use of dunite powder, rich in magnesium in annual crops such as soybean and corn. These are one of the main crops of Brazil in production area. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dunite rates on Magnesium (Mg), Silicon (Si), foliar contents of reducing sugars, sucrose, and starch, soil chemical attributes and soybean yield in two soil types. The treatments consisted in the five rates of Dunite (0, 42, 208, 542 and 1542 mg kg-1) in a clayey soil, and five rates of Dunite (0, 150, 238, 411 and 933 mg kg-1) in a sandy soil. In both soils, the Mg and Si leaves concentration, foliar reducing sugars, and glucose, as well as soil pH, Mg, and Si, and the yield components increased with input rates. The best Mg nutrition provides lower foliar starch levels, consequently, the best partition of metabolites to plant leads to better development, filling and yield of soybeans.
The growing demand for fertilizers, coupled with the increase in fertilizer prices and the scarcity of fertilizer sources, lead to the incessant search for alternative sources of nutrients for the plants. The rocky outcrops in Brazil coincide with the localities of agriculture productive areas, making access easy for rural producers to these sources, since the higher cost of rock dust is related to the transport. Therefore, one of the alternatives studied is the use of dunite powder, rich in magnesium in annual crops such as soybean and corn. These are one of the main crops of Brazil in production area. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dunite rates on Magnesium (Mg), Silicon (Si), foliar contents of reducing sugars, sucrose, and starch, soil chemical attributes and soybean yield in two soil types. The treatments consisted in the five rates of Dunite (0, 42, 208, 542 and 1542 mg kg-1) in a clayey soil, and five rates of Dunite (0, 150, 238, 411 and 933 mg kg-1) in a sandy soil. In both soils, the Mg and Si leaves concentration, foliar reducing sugars, and glucose, as well as soil pH, Mg, and Si, and the yield components increased with input rates. The best Mg nutrition provides lower foliar starch levels, consequently, the best partition of metabolites to plant leads to better development, filling and yield of soybeans.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Soja, Milho, Adubos e Fertilizantes, Magnésio Efeito Fisiológico, Magnésio Metabolismo