Concepções de profissionais da equipe Interdisciplinar sobre a prática do Psicólogo hospitalar
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Data
2019-08-30
Autores
Oliveira, Raquel Giglio
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A Psicologia está cada vez mais presente no contexto da saúde e a inserção do psicólogo em instituições hospitalares vêm crescendo nos últimos anos, em diferentes clínicas e especialidades médicas, demandando aperfeiçoamento e solidificação da prática deste profissional junto às equipes de saúde. Neste estudo, de caráter qualitativo, entrevistou-se 10 profissionais de saúde, sendo dois médicos; duas enfermeiras; duas fisioterapeutas; uma fonoaudióloga; uma nutricionista; uma assistente social e uma terapeuta ocupacional, pertencentes a equipes interdisciplinares de um hospital geral público, referência em urgências e emergências em trauma, neurologia e neurocirurgia, localizado na região centro-oeste do estado de São Paulo. Visou compreender como os profissionais identificam e concebem as diferentes possibilidades de atuação do psicólogo no hospital. As entrevistas semiestruturadas individuais foram gravadas em áudio e analisadas por meio da técnica da análise de conteúdo. Identificou-se 10 categorias que indicam a visão que os profissionais da equipe interdisciplinar possuem acerca do trabalho do psicólogo hospitalar e 2 categorias referentes à formação dos profissionais de saúde, revelando que os entrevistados reconhecem e valorizam o trabalho do psicólogo no hospital junto a pacientes, familiares e à própria equipe. Cada profissional identifica a necessidade de interconsultas e da intervenção psicológica, com base em sua própria prática profissional e experiências pessoais, resultando em percepções generalistas ou fragmentadas acerca das possibilidades de atuação do psicólogo hospitalar. No entanto, identificam com maior clareza a necessidade da intervenção psicológica em casos mais graves (cuidados paliativos, UTI, internações prolongadas, cirurgias e outros procedimentos invasivos), bem como, reportam a importância da ajuda psicológica nos casos de transtornos depressivos e ansiosos, e dependência química. Ressaltam a importância do psicólogo para auxiliar na adesão aos tratamentos e no enfrentamento da doença e internação, para pacientes e familiares. A superação do modelo biomédico é indiretamente abordada por alguns entrevistados, os quais citam a importância do psicólogo para se obter uma visão holística e integral do doente e de seu contexto, considerada essencial no processo de tratamento e que é falha na formação profissional. Os resultados mostram a necessidade de se buscar dar maior visibilidade à amplitude de possibilidades de intervenções preventivas e terapêuticas do psicólogo hospitalar, informando e clarificando suas ações em diversas situações na rotina do hospital e áreas de interface em saúde. Aponta-se a escassez de estudos específicos sobre o tema pesquisado, a necessidade de revisões nos conteúdos e oferecimentos de disciplinas de Psicologia nos cursos de graduação nas diferentes áreas de saúde e a importância de se incrementar as experiências de participação em equipes interdisciplinares na formação profissional. Ressalta-se, entretanto que a Psicologia Hospitalar vem se solidificando e, com base nos relatos dos profissionais entrevistados, o psicólogo é, hoje, visto como integrante essencial das equipes de saúde, capaz de auxiliar pacientes, familiares e os próprios profissionais da equipe, informando aspectos específicos relevantes para o tratamento integral e efetivo dos hospitalizados.
Psychology is increasingly present in the health context and the insertion of the psychologist in hospital institutions has been growing in recent years, in different clinics and medical specialties, demanding improvement and solidification of the practice of this professional with the health teams. In this qualitative study, 10 health professionals were interviewed: two physicians, two nurses, two physiotherapists, a speech therapist, a nutritionist, a social worker and an occupational therapist, belonging to interdisciplinary teams of a public general hospital, reference in emergencies and emergencies in trauma, neurology and neurosurgery, located in the Midwest region of the state of São Paulo. It aimed to understand how the professionals identify and conceive the different acting possibilities of the psychologist in the hospital. Individual semi-structured interviews were audio recorded and analyzed using the content analysis technique. We identified 10 categories that indicate the view that professionals of the interdisciplinary team have about the work of the hospital psychologist and two categories referring to the training of health professionals, revealing that respondents recognize and value the work of the psychologist in the hospital with patients, family members and the team itself. Each professional identifies the need for interconsultation and psychological intervention, based on his or her own professional practice and personal experiences, resulting in generalist or fragmented perceptions of the hospital psychologist's possibilities for action. However, they clearly identify the need for psychological intervention in more severe cases (palliative care, ICU, prolonged hospitalizations, surgeries and other invasive procedures), as well as report the importance of psychological help in cases of depressive and anxious disorders, and chemical dependence. They emphasize the importance of the psychologist to assist in treatment adherence and coping with the disease and hospitalization for patients and Family members. The overcoming of the biomedical model is in directly approached by some interviewees, who cite the importance of the psychologist to obtain a holistic and integral view of the patient and his context, considered essential in the treatment process and which is flawed in the professional training. The results show the need to seek to give greater visibility to the amplitude of possibilities of preventive and therapeutic interventions of the hospital psychologist, informing and clarifying their actions in various situations in the hospital routine and health interface areas. It points out the lack of specific studies on the researched theme, the need for revisions in the contents and offerings of Psychology subjects in undergraduate courses in different health areas and the importance of increasing the experiences of participation in interdisciplinary teams in vocational training. It stands out, however, Hospital Psychology has been solidifying and, based on the reports of the interviewed professionals, the psychologist is today seen as an essential member of the health teams, capable of assisting patients, family members and the team professionals themselves, informing specific aspects relevant to the integral and effective treatment of hospitalized patients.
Psychology is increasingly present in the health context and the insertion of the psychologist in hospital institutions has been growing in recent years, in different clinics and medical specialties, demanding improvement and solidification of the practice of this professional with the health teams. In this qualitative study, 10 health professionals were interviewed: two physicians, two nurses, two physiotherapists, a speech therapist, a nutritionist, a social worker and an occupational therapist, belonging to interdisciplinary teams of a public general hospital, reference in emergencies and emergencies in trauma, neurology and neurosurgery, located in the Midwest region of the state of São Paulo. It aimed to understand how the professionals identify and conceive the different acting possibilities of the psychologist in the hospital. Individual semi-structured interviews were audio recorded and analyzed using the content analysis technique. We identified 10 categories that indicate the view that professionals of the interdisciplinary team have about the work of the hospital psychologist and two categories referring to the training of health professionals, revealing that respondents recognize and value the work of the psychologist in the hospital with patients, family members and the team itself. Each professional identifies the need for interconsultation and psychological intervention, based on his or her own professional practice and personal experiences, resulting in generalist or fragmented perceptions of the hospital psychologist's possibilities for action. However, they clearly identify the need for psychological intervention in more severe cases (palliative care, ICU, prolonged hospitalizations, surgeries and other invasive procedures), as well as report the importance of psychological help in cases of depressive and anxious disorders, and chemical dependence. They emphasize the importance of the psychologist to assist in treatment adherence and coping with the disease and hospitalization for patients and Family members. The overcoming of the biomedical model is in directly approached by some interviewees, who cite the importance of the psychologist to obtain a holistic and integral view of the patient and his context, considered essential in the treatment process and which is flawed in the professional training. The results show the need to seek to give greater visibility to the amplitude of possibilities of preventive and therapeutic interventions of the hospital psychologist, informing and clarifying their actions in various situations in the hospital routine and health interface areas. It points out the lack of specific studies on the researched theme, the need for revisions in the contents and offerings of Psychology subjects in undergraduate courses in different health areas and the importance of increasing the experiences of participation in interdisciplinary teams in vocational training. It stands out, however, Hospital Psychology has been solidifying and, based on the reports of the interviewed professionals, the psychologist is today seen as an essential member of the health teams, capable of assisting patients, family members and the team professionals themselves, informing specific aspects relevant to the integral and effective treatment of hospitalized patients.
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Palavras-chave
General hospital, Psicologia da saúde, Psicologia hospitalar, Hospital geral, Equipe interdisciplinar, Health psychology, Hospital psychology, Interdisciplinary team