Avaliação da degradação do poliestireno expandido (geofoam) por meio de ensaios de laboratório
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Data
2019-11-11
Autores
Carneiro Neto, Mozart Mariano
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O poliestireno expandido (EPS), que entre vários materiais, também da origem a um gessintético, o geoexpandido, que é muito utilizado em obras geotécnicas, pois quando comparado a outros materiais, possui um menor peso específico o que diminui o peso próprio da estrutura, minimizando eventuais recalques. Além disso, a combinação de alta resistência e baixa compressibilidade o tornam uma boa escolha para obras geotécnicas. No entanto, o EPS é extremamente susceptível a solventes, hidrocarbonetos e raios ultravioletas. Nesse sentido, poucos trabalhos tem explorado os aspectos de degradação do material em aplicações geotécnicas. Assim, o presente trabalho avaliou a degradação do poliestireno expandido (EPS) por meio de ensaios laboratoriais. Para tanto, utilizaram-se amostras de EPS em cinco diferentes massas específicas, a saber: 10,0, 14,5, 18,0, 22,0 e 33,5 kg/m³. O processo de degradação das amostras foi avaliado por meio da exposição à intempérie por catorze, trinta e quarenta e cinco dias e exposição ao vapor de gasolina por sete, catorze e trinta dias. Para avaliação do processo degradativo foram realizados ensaios de absorção de água, compressão uniaxial e cisalhamento direto de interface (EPS/EPS). Os ensaios foram realizados após cada período de exposição e os resultados obtidos foram comparados aos valores de referência das amostras intactas. Os resultados mostram que os valores de absorção de água, para ambos os tipos de exposição, apresentam comportamento similar, de forma que a absorção é inversamente proporcional à massa específica. Em relação à resistência uniaxial, notou-se que a exposição às intempéries gerou resultados aleatórios, enquanto que para exposição ao vapor de gasolina, afetou de maneira significativa a resistência do EPS. Quanto aos ensaios de cisalhamento direto de interface, analisando a resistência de ruptura, observou-se que as amostras expostas às intempéries, os valores obtidos foram bastante aleatórios, gerando dificuldade de interpretação deste resultado. Já para as amostras expostas ao vapor de gasolina, observou-se uma tendência à perda de resistência ao longo do tempo.
Expanded polystyrene (EPS), which among many materials, also gives rise to a gessynthetic, geo-expanded, which is widely used in geotechnical works, because when compared to other materials, has a lower specific weight which decreases the structure's own weight. , minimizing any repression. In addition, the combination of high strength and low compressibility make it a good choice for geotechnical works. However, EPS is extremely susceptible to solvents, hydrocarbons and ultraviolet rays. In this sense, few studies have explored the degradation aspects of the material in geotechnical applications. Thus, the present work evaluates the degradation of expanded polystyrene (EPS) by results of laboratory tests. For this purpose, EPS samples were used in five different specific masses, namely: 10.0, 14.5, 18.0, 22.0 and 33.5 kg/m³. The degradation process of the samples was evaluated by exposure to the weather for fourteen, thirty and forty five days and exposure to gasoline vapor for seven, fourteen and thirty days. To evaluate the degradation process water absorption, uniaxial compression and (EPS/EPS) interface direct shear tests were performed. The tests were performed after each exposure period and the results obtained were compared to the reference values of the fresh samples. The main results show that the water absorption values, for both types of exposure, present similar behavior, so that the absorption is inversely proportional to the specific mass. Regarding uniaxial resistance, it was noted that weathering generated random results, while for gasoline vapor exposure, it significantly affected EPS resistance. Regarding the interface direct shear tests, analyzing the breaking strength, it was observed that the samples exposed to the weather, the values obtained were quite random, causing difficulty of interpretation of this result. For samples exposed to gasoline vapor, a tendency to loss of resistance over time was observed
Expanded polystyrene (EPS), which among many materials, also gives rise to a gessynthetic, geo-expanded, which is widely used in geotechnical works, because when compared to other materials, has a lower specific weight which decreases the structure's own weight. , minimizing any repression. In addition, the combination of high strength and low compressibility make it a good choice for geotechnical works. However, EPS is extremely susceptible to solvents, hydrocarbons and ultraviolet rays. In this sense, few studies have explored the degradation aspects of the material in geotechnical applications. Thus, the present work evaluates the degradation of expanded polystyrene (EPS) by results of laboratory tests. For this purpose, EPS samples were used in five different specific masses, namely: 10.0, 14.5, 18.0, 22.0 and 33.5 kg/m³. The degradation process of the samples was evaluated by exposure to the weather for fourteen, thirty and forty five days and exposure to gasoline vapor for seven, fourteen and thirty days. To evaluate the degradation process water absorption, uniaxial compression and (EPS/EPS) interface direct shear tests were performed. The tests were performed after each exposure period and the results obtained were compared to the reference values of the fresh samples. The main results show that the water absorption values, for both types of exposure, present similar behavior, so that the absorption is inversely proportional to the specific mass. Regarding uniaxial resistance, it was noted that weathering generated random results, while for gasoline vapor exposure, it significantly affected EPS resistance. Regarding the interface direct shear tests, analyzing the breaking strength, it was observed that the samples exposed to the weather, the values obtained were quite random, causing difficulty of interpretation of this result. For samples exposed to gasoline vapor, a tendency to loss of resistance over time was observed
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Geotecnia, Geossintéticos, Durabilidade, Expanded polystyrene, Degradation, Laboratory tests