Disponibilização de nutrientes de composto de peixe e maravalha (madeira) em função do tempo de incorporação no solo
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Data
2019-10-17
Autores
Santos, Laura Carvalho
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Frente ao constante crescimento populacional mundial e o aumento da demanda por alimentos, atividades agrícolas e de produção animal encontram-se cada vez mais pressionadas a aumentar suas produtividades com o mínimo de impacto ambiental. Por isso o grande interesse em usar os resíduos gerados na produção animal para produzir fertilizantes para a agricultura, tendo em vista as altas concentrações de nutrientes minerais para as plantas e pelo pouco conhecimento sobre as alterações desses resíduos no solo em função do tempo após sua aplicação. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de um composto orgânico produzido com resíduos animais da aquicultura associado à maravalha de madeira, sobre a fertilidade do solo, respiração basal e as perdas de N na forma de amônia, bem como a nutrição e o crescimento das plantas em função do tempo após a aplicação do composto orgânico no solo. Os experimentos foram realizados em casa de vegetação, no período entre maio a novembro de 2018. No primeiro experimento, foram estudados cinco períodos de incorporação do composto orgânico no solo (0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias) a uma dose de 20 t ha-1, além de um tratamento sem adubação. No segundo experimento foi monitorado a respiração basal e a volatilização de amônia do citado solo, com (20 t ha-1) e sem a aplicação do composto, por 17 semanas consecutivas. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F e as médias comparadas. Os resultados revelaram que a aplicação do composto orgânico aumentou os teores de matéria orgânica, de macronutrientes e de micronutrientes no solo, e nas plantas de milho, bem como maior crescimento das mesmas. As características químicas do solo, a absorção de nutrientes e o crescimento de plantas de milho não foram alterados pelo tempo (0-120 dias) que o composto ficou incubado no solo. A aplicação do composto orgânico estimulou a respiração basal do solo, mas a perda de nitrogênio por volatilização da amônia foi muito pequena ao longo do período estudado.
Faced with the constant growth of world population and the increased demand for food, agricultural activities and the animal production industry are increasingly pressure to increase their productivity with a minimum environmental impact.For this is big the interest in use the wastes derivingin animal productions for produce fertilizers for agriculture, given the high concentrations of mineral nutrients for plants and the little knowledge about the changes of these residues in the soil as a function of time after their application. The aim of this study was to evaluate the availability the effect of a fish waste-based organic compostassociate with maravalha of wood, about soil fertility, soil basal respiration and N lossesin ammonia form, as well as plant nutrition and growth as a function of time after application of organic compost to the soil. The experiments were performed in a greenhouse between May and November 2018.In the first experiment, five periods of incorporation of organic compost into the soil (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 days) at a dose of 20 t ha-1, as well as a treatment without fertilization were studied. In the second experiment, the basal respiration and ammonia volatilization of the mentioned soil were monitored with (20 t ha-1) and without the application of compost for 17 consecutive weeks. The results were submitted to a variance analysis by the F test and the means compared. The results revealed that the application of the organic compost increased the organic matter, macronutrient an micronutrient contents in the soil and in the corn plants, as well as their higher growth. The chemical characteristics of the soil, the nutrient absorption and the growth of corn plants were not altered by the time (0-120 days) that the compost was incubated in the soil. The application of organic compost stimulated the basal respiration of the soil, but the nitrogen loss by ammonia volatilization was very small during the studied period
Faced with the constant growth of world population and the increased demand for food, agricultural activities and the animal production industry are increasingly pressure to increase their productivity with a minimum environmental impact.For this is big the interest in use the wastes derivingin animal productions for produce fertilizers for agriculture, given the high concentrations of mineral nutrients for plants and the little knowledge about the changes of these residues in the soil as a function of time after their application. The aim of this study was to evaluate the availability the effect of a fish waste-based organic compostassociate with maravalha of wood, about soil fertility, soil basal respiration and N lossesin ammonia form, as well as plant nutrition and growth as a function of time after application of organic compost to the soil. The experiments were performed in a greenhouse between May and November 2018.In the first experiment, five periods of incorporation of organic compost into the soil (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 days) at a dose of 20 t ha-1, as well as a treatment without fertilization were studied. In the second experiment, the basal respiration and ammonia volatilization of the mentioned soil were monitored with (20 t ha-1) and without the application of compost for 17 consecutive weeks. The results were submitted to a variance analysis by the F test and the means compared. The results revealed that the application of the organic compost increased the organic matter, macronutrient an micronutrient contents in the soil and in the corn plants, as well as their higher growth. The chemical characteristics of the soil, the nutrient absorption and the growth of corn plants were not altered by the time (0-120 days) that the compost was incubated in the soil. The application of organic compost stimulated the basal respiration of the soil, but the nitrogen loss by ammonia volatilization was very small during the studied period
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Palavras-chave
Resíduos da aquicultura, Respiração do solo, Tempos de incubação, Waste of aquaculture, Soil respiration,, Times of incubation