Perfil de aposentados residentes no Município de Rio Claro-SP em relação aos fatores associados à inatividade física e saúde
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Data
2019-11-08
Autores
Micali, Pollyanna Natalia
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Diante do envelhecimento populacional, a sociedade depara-se com o aumento do número de aposentados. No entanto, o prolongamento da vida não se limita à extensão da longevidade, alcançando também mudanças na forma como os anos adicionais são vividos. Esse contexto tem pressionado a utilização do sistema de saúde e tem comprometido também a renda familiar de muitos aposentados por gastos com serviços de saúde. Pensando nisso, o objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar o perfil de aposentados residentes no município de Rio Claro – SP, em relação aos fatores associados à inatividade física e saúde, incluindo gastos com serviços de saúde. Este estudo é constituído por dois momentos: primeiro momento (2014) considerado linha de base, investigou 205 indivíduos que se encontravam aposentados a partir de um estudo populacional realizado anteriormente; e no segundo momento (2018) buscou-se investigar os 205 aposentados da linha de base mais 95 indivíduos que relataram perspectiva de aposentadoria nos três anos seguintes, totalizando 300 indivíduos a serem investigados para o presente estudo. Foram avaliadas informações pessoais e referentes a aposentadoria; nível de atividade física atual e prévio, condição econômica, histórico de doenças e gastos com saúde. Esta tese está estruturada em 5 capítulos, sendo; Capítulo 1: introdução, objetivos, revisão de literatura, delineamento da tese; Capítulo 2: estudo transversal com objetivo de avaliar o perfil de aposentados residentes no município de Rio Claro - SP, bem como, comparar aposentados fisicamente ativos e inativos ao longo da vida (atual e prévia) e gastos com serviços de saúde, neste participaram 171 aposentados. Os resultados mostraram que a prática de atividade física ao longo da vida contribui positivamente para prevenção de doenças crônicas e para o ponto de vista econômico esta prática parece estar intimamente ligada a menores gastos com serviços de saúde; Capítulo 3: estudo transversal com o objetivo de identificar as doenças crônicas que mais acometem os aposentados residentes no município de Rio Claro - SP e, possível associação com o tipo de trabalho desempenhado ao longo da vida, no qual participaram do estudo 171 aposentados. As análises de associação apontaram que a realização de trabalho manual ao longo da vida associou-se com hipertensão (p-valor=0,01) e artrite/artrose (p-valor=0,01). Capítulo 4: delineamento longitudinal a fim de comparar gastos públicos com saúde em dois momentos (2014 e 2018), segundo a presença de doenças cardiovasculares e metabólicas de aposentados, neste participaram 137 aposentados. Os resultados apontaram maiores gastos para hipertensão arterial e diabetes mellitus em medicamentos, exames e internações e para doenças cardiovasculares em exames; Capítulo 5: estão apresentadas as considerações gerais e conclusões finais baseadas nos resultados encontrados em cada capítulo do estudo: Manter-se fisicamente ativo ao longo da vida minimiza as chances em desenvolver doenças crônicas e agravos futuros; o trabalho manual desempenhado ao longo da vida está associado a doenças osteomusculares e hipertensão arterial em aposentados; as doenças crônicas: hipertensão arterial, diabetes mellitus e doenças cardiovasculares demandam gastos públicos consideráveis com saúde pública para esta população; o avanço da idade é um indicador de aumento nos gastos públicos com saúde.
Faced with an aging population, society is presented with an increase in the number of retired people. However, increasing life expectancy is not limited to the extent of longevity, but also changes in the way the additional years are lived. This context has put pressure on the use of the health system and has also compromised the family income of many retired people with health service expenditures. With this in mind, the objective of the present study is to evaluate the profile of retired people living in Rio Claro - SP, in relation to factors associated with physical inactivity and health, including health service expenses. This study was composed of two moments: first moment (2014) considered baseline, investigated 205 retired individuals from a population of a previously conducted study; and at the second moment (2018) we investigated the 205 baseline retired people plus 95 individuals who reported retirement prospects in the following three years, totaling 300 individuals to be investigated in the present study. Personal information as well as information on retirement, current and previous level of physical activity, economic condition, disease history, and health expenditure were evaluated. This thesis is structured in 5 chapters, as follows; Chapter 1: introduction, objectives, literature review, thesis outline; Chapter 2: cross-sectional study, in which 171 retired people participated, aiming to evaluate the profile of retired people residing in the city of Rio Claro - SP, as well as comparing physically active and inactive retirees (current and previous) and health service expenses. The results demonstrated that the practice of lifelong physical activity contributes positively to the prevention of chronic diseases, as well as which, from an economic point of view, this practice seems to be closely linked to lower expenses with health services; Chapter 3: cross-sectional study, in which 171 retired people participated, with the objective of identifying the chronic diseases that most affect retired people living in the city of Rio Claro - SP and possible associations with the type of work performed throughout life. The association analyses indicated that lifelong manual labor was associated with hypertension (p-value=0.01) and arthritis/arthrosis (p-value=0.01). Chapter 4: A longitudinal design, in which 137 retired people participated, to compare public health expenditures at two moments (2014 and 2018), according to the presence of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in the retired people. The results demonstrated higher expenses on medicines, exams, and hospitalizations for hypertension and diabetes mellitus and on exams for cardiovascular diseases; Chapter 5: presents the general considerations and final conclusions based on the results found in each chapter of the study: Staying physically active throughout life minimizes the chances of developing chronic illness and future health problems; lifelong manual labor is strongly associated with musculoskeletal disorders and high blood pressure in retired people; the type of work performed throughout life may preclude workers early from work activities; chronic diseases: high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases demand considerable public expenditure on public health in this population.
Faced with an aging population, society is presented with an increase in the number of retired people. However, increasing life expectancy is not limited to the extent of longevity, but also changes in the way the additional years are lived. This context has put pressure on the use of the health system and has also compromised the family income of many retired people with health service expenditures. With this in mind, the objective of the present study is to evaluate the profile of retired people living in Rio Claro - SP, in relation to factors associated with physical inactivity and health, including health service expenses. This study was composed of two moments: first moment (2014) considered baseline, investigated 205 retired individuals from a population of a previously conducted study; and at the second moment (2018) we investigated the 205 baseline retired people plus 95 individuals who reported retirement prospects in the following three years, totaling 300 individuals to be investigated in the present study. Personal information as well as information on retirement, current and previous level of physical activity, economic condition, disease history, and health expenditure were evaluated. This thesis is structured in 5 chapters, as follows; Chapter 1: introduction, objectives, literature review, thesis outline; Chapter 2: cross-sectional study, in which 171 retired people participated, aiming to evaluate the profile of retired people residing in the city of Rio Claro - SP, as well as comparing physically active and inactive retirees (current and previous) and health service expenses. The results demonstrated that the practice of lifelong physical activity contributes positively to the prevention of chronic diseases, as well as which, from an economic point of view, this practice seems to be closely linked to lower expenses with health services; Chapter 3: cross-sectional study, in which 171 retired people participated, with the objective of identifying the chronic diseases that most affect retired people living in the city of Rio Claro - SP and possible associations with the type of work performed throughout life. The association analyses indicated that lifelong manual labor was associated with hypertension (p-value=0.01) and arthritis/arthrosis (p-value=0.01). Chapter 4: A longitudinal design, in which 137 retired people participated, to compare public health expenditures at two moments (2014 and 2018), according to the presence of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in the retired people. The results demonstrated higher expenses on medicines, exams, and hospitalizations for hypertension and diabetes mellitus and on exams for cardiovascular diseases; Chapter 5: presents the general considerations and final conclusions based on the results found in each chapter of the study: Staying physically active throughout life minimizes the chances of developing chronic illness and future health problems; lifelong manual labor is strongly associated with musculoskeletal disorders and high blood pressure in retired people; the type of work performed throughout life may preclude workers early from work activities; chronic diseases: high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases demand considerable public expenditure on public health in this population.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Aposentadoria, Envelhecimento, Inatividade física, Condições de saúde, Gastos com serviços de saúde, Retirement, Aging, Physical inactivity, Health conditions, Spending on health services