Análise dos vínculos afetivos na adoção: um olhar para as condições ambientais e afetivas na maternagem de mães adotivas.
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Data
2019-10-15
Autores
Silva, Anna Cecilia Latanzio Rodrigues
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A proposta deste trabalho é contribuir para a compreensão da constituição do vínculo mãe-bebê nas experiências de maternagem em mãe adotivas, a partir de uma perspectiva teórica winnicottiana. Tais construções vinculares referem-se à construção da maternagem na relação mãe-bebê, a partir de um vivenciar da preocupação materna primária, holding, handling, das apresentações de objeto, entre outros movimentos psíquicos que compõem o desenvolvimento da “mãe suficientemente boa”. Neste sentido, amplia-se essa compreensão e análise deste fenômeno em mães adotivas, que em grande parte advêm de um processo de infertilidade e chegam carregadas de estigmas e fantasias que precisam ser descontruídas para a efetivação do maternar, além de transitarem por um processo jurídico que desperta conteúdos psíquicos, muitas vezes oriundos de fatores inconscientes que ficam expostos na construção da maternagem. Diante disso, para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa qualitativa, foi utilizado o Procedimento do Desenho-Estória com Tema e a entrevista semiestruturada, com quatro mães que estavam no momento da pesquisa com filhos de até 4 anos de idade. O método psicanalítico e a narrativa psicanalítica percorreram toda a análise dos dados e construção dos resultados. Verificou-se que há diversos lutos a serem vividos dentro do campo da adoção, ou seja, o luto da perda da fertilidade, dos filhos e dos pais ideais, entre outros. A vivência da preocupação materna primária e os desdobramentos desta experiência são essenciais para iniciar e despertar a construção vincular e, neste caso, o tempo na fila de espera para adoção pode ser um elemento importante e decisivo para desenvolver esta condição e, consequentemente, no florescer de uma “mãe suficientemente boa”. Contudo, compreende-se que da participação do processo legal da adoção, no qual há o preenchimento do formulário de perfil para a escolha das características do filho, emergem diversos sentimentos, mobilizando inúmeros conteúdos psíquicos. Os cursos preparatórios para adoção são também fatores significativos para os pretendentes à adoção, pois apresentam aspectos do processo que podem favorecer o desenvolvimento da relação, a fim de evitar a devolução. Portanto, vale ressaltar a importância de um preparo psicológico e de uma compreensão dos recursos psíquicos dos pais para acolher um filho que carrega uma história pregressa desconhecida por eles e que expressará seus sentimentos de abandono em seu novo lar, buscando em sua mãe um acolhimento e exercício de holding e handling necessários para o processo de adaptação, para a construção do vínculo afetivo e para as possíveis ressignificações das experiências vividas tanto pelas mães quanto pelos filhos.
The proposal of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the constitution of the mother-baby bond in the experiences of adoptive mothers, from a winnicottian theorical perspective. Such binding constructions refer to the construction of motherhood in the mother-baby relationship, from the experience of primary maternal concern, holding, handling, from object presentations, among other psychic movements that take part in the development of the “sufficiently good mother”. In this sense, this understanding and analysis of this phenomenon is broadened in adoptive mothers, which in a great part come from a process of infertility and come loaded of stigmas and fantasies that need to be deconstructed to realize the maternal, besides passing through a legal process, which arouses psychic contents, often coming from unconscious factors that are exposed in the construction of motherhood. Therefore, for the development of this qualitative research, it was used the Story-Drawing Procedure with Theme and the semi-structured interview with four mothers who were in the moment of the research with children up to four years old. The psychoanalytic method and the psychoanalytic narrative went through all the analysis of data and the construction of results. It was found that there are several mourning to be experienced within the adoption field, that is, the mourning of fertility loss, ideal children and parents, among others. The experience of primary maternal concern and the consequences of this experience are essential to start and awake bonded construction, and in this case, the waiting time for adoption can be an important and decisive element to develop this condition and, consequently, to flourish a "good enough mother". However, it is understood that from the legal process participation of adoption, in which there is the profile form filling to choose the child’s characteristics, emerges several feelings and mobilizing numerous psychic contents. The preparatory courses for adoption are also significant factors for the adoption applicants, because they present aspects of the process that may favor the development of the relationship in order to avoid the return. Therefore it is necessary to emphasize the importance of psychological preparation and an understanding of psychic resources of the parents to welcome a child who carries an unknown past history to them and who will express his/her feelings of abandonment in his/her new home, seeking in his/her mother a welcoming and an exercise of holding and handling necessary for the adaptation process, for the construction of the affective bond and for the possible resignifications of the experiences lived by both mothers and children.
The proposal of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the constitution of the mother-baby bond in the experiences of adoptive mothers, from a winnicottian theorical perspective. Such binding constructions refer to the construction of motherhood in the mother-baby relationship, from the experience of primary maternal concern, holding, handling, from object presentations, among other psychic movements that take part in the development of the “sufficiently good mother”. In this sense, this understanding and analysis of this phenomenon is broadened in adoptive mothers, which in a great part come from a process of infertility and come loaded of stigmas and fantasies that need to be deconstructed to realize the maternal, besides passing through a legal process, which arouses psychic contents, often coming from unconscious factors that are exposed in the construction of motherhood. Therefore, for the development of this qualitative research, it was used the Story-Drawing Procedure with Theme and the semi-structured interview with four mothers who were in the moment of the research with children up to four years old. The psychoanalytic method and the psychoanalytic narrative went through all the analysis of data and the construction of results. It was found that there are several mourning to be experienced within the adoption field, that is, the mourning of fertility loss, ideal children and parents, among others. The experience of primary maternal concern and the consequences of this experience are essential to start and awake bonded construction, and in this case, the waiting time for adoption can be an important and decisive element to develop this condition and, consequently, to flourish a "good enough mother". However, it is understood that from the legal process participation of adoption, in which there is the profile form filling to choose the child’s characteristics, emerges several feelings and mobilizing numerous psychic contents. The preparatory courses for adoption are also significant factors for the adoption applicants, because they present aspects of the process that may favor the development of the relationship in order to avoid the return. Therefore it is necessary to emphasize the importance of psychological preparation and an understanding of psychic resources of the parents to welcome a child who carries an unknown past history to them and who will express his/her feelings of abandonment in his/her new home, seeking in his/her mother a welcoming and an exercise of holding and handling necessary for the adaptation process, for the construction of the affective bond and for the possible resignifications of the experiences lived by both mothers and children.
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Palavras-chave
Adoção, Relação mãe-bebê, Maternagem, Psicanálise, Winnicott, Adoption, Mother-infant relationship, Maternity, Psychoanalysis, Winnicott