Elementos preditivos e morfológicos da urolitíase obstrutiva em ovinos Santa Inês
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Data
2019-11-29
Autores
Maciel, Thiago Arcoverde
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A urolitíase é enfermidade com importância econômica para a ovinocultura, que causa a saída prematura de ovinos machos destinados à reprodução, custos com tratamento e morte. A associação entre avaliação hemogasométrica, pesquisa de proteínas de fase aguda (PFA) como biomarcadores precoces e o estudo morfométrico do trato urinário pode ser empregada como método de auxílio diagnóstico precoce para a doença. Com esse objetivo, foram utilizados 14 ovinos hígidos, machos (não castrados), da raça Santa Inês com idade aproximada de 90 dias. Os ovinos receberam dieta experimental hiperfosfórica durante todo o período experimental, foram examinados semanalmente e após desenvolvimento da urolitíase, reorganizados em dois grupos experimentais distintos D1 (sem urolitíase) e D2 (com urolitíase) para análise comparada dos dados. No período pré-experimental e no dia do abate foram coletadas amostras de sangue venoso para avaliação hemogasométrica. Para mensurar as imunoglobulinas (A e G) e as PFA, analisaram-se as amostras dos ovinos que desenvolveram a urolitíase (D2). As coletas de sangue foram realizadas semanalmente até a manifestação clínica da enfermidade, totalizando 16 amostras. Ao término do experimento foi realizado o abate e necropsia dos ovinos, para descrição das alterações patológicas e a análise morfométrica. Fragmentos do trato urinário e fígado foram coletados e submetidos à rotina histológica e as lâminas histológicas foram descritas, seguindo-se a histomorfometria. Embora o pH sanguíneo não tenha sido diferente (P < 0,05) entre grupos, os ovinos que desenvolveram urolitíase apresentaram alcalose metabólica compensatória. Elevação da pressão parcial de dióxido de carbono (pCO2) foi observada entre D1 e D2, mas houve diferença (P < 0,05) apenas nos momentos finais (MFs). Expressivas diferenças de excesso de base (EB), dióxido de carbono total no plasma (tCO2), bicarbonato (HCO3-) e saturação de bicarbonato (stHCO3-), foram registradas apenas nos MFs, assim como maiores valores para Na+ e K+. As PFA que apresentaram diferença (P < 0,05) ao longo do tempo foram haptoglobina e transferrina. Necrose do processo uretral e bexiga urinária repleta foram observados em todos ovinos que desenvolveram urolitíase. Além disso, um dos ovinos apresentou hidronefrose, extensa área de hemorragia na bexiga urinária, além de ruptura de uretra e edema subcutâneo. Não houve diferença significativa nas variáveis morfométricas macroscópicas entre grupos, com exceção da largura do ureter direito, contrariando a hipótese de sua possível utilização como método de auxílio diagnóstico precoce para a urolitíase. Quanto à avaliação histopatológica, foram observadas áreas multifocais de discreta a moderada congestão dos tufos glomerulares e proteína no lúmen tubular dos rins. No fígado, observou-se nas regiões centrolobulares, discreta a moderada degeneração gordurosa e apenas em um ovino foi observada, macro e microscopicamente, área focal ulcerada na mucosa da bexiga. Os achados da presente pesquisa demonstraram que a dieta formulada foi eficaz na indução da doença clínica. Foram encontradas lesões no fígado e trato urinário, mas não houve alterações histomorfométricas significativas.
Urolithiasis is an economically important disease for male sheep production that causes the premature calving of sheep for breeding, treatment costs and death. The association between hemogasometric evaluation, acute phase protein (APP) research as early biomarkers and urinary tract morphometric study can be employed as an early diagnostic aid for the disease. For this purpose, 14 healthy male (non-castrated) Santa Inês sheep, approximately 90 days old, were used. Sheep received a hyperphosphoric experimental diet throughout the experimental period, were examined weekly and after development of urolithiasis, reorganized into two distinct experimental groups D1 (without urolithiasis) and D2 (with urolithiasis) for comparative analysis of the data. In the pre-experimental period and on the day of slaughter, venous blood samples were collected for hemogasometric evaluation. To measure immunoglobulins (A and G) and APP, samples from sheep that developed urolithiasis (D2) were analyzed. Blood samples were collected weekly until the clinical manifestation of the disease, totaling 16 samples. At the end of the experiment, sheep were slaughtered and necropsied to describe the pathological changes and the morphometric analysis. Urinary tract and liver fragments were collected and submitted to histological routine and histological slides were described, followed by histomorphometry. Although blood pH was not different (P < 0.05) between groups, sheep that developed urolithiasis had compensatory metabolic alkalosis. Carbon dioxide partial pressure elevation (pCO2) was observed between D1 and D2, but there was a difference (P < 0.05) only in the final moments (FMs). Significant differences in base excess (BE), total plasma carbon dioxide (tCO2), bicarbonate (HCO3-) and bicarbonate saturation (stHCO3-) were recorded only in the FMs, as well as higher values for Na+ and K+. The APP that showed difference (P < 0.05) over time were haptoglobin and transferrin. Necrosis of the urethral process and full urinary bladder were observed in all sheep that developed urolithiasis. In addition, one of the sheep presented hydronephrosis, extensive area of urinary bladder hemorrhage, urethral rupture and subcutaneous edema. There was no significant difference in macroscopic morphometric variables between groups, except for right ureter width, contrary to the hypothesis of its possible use as an early diagnostic aid method for urolithiasis. Regarding histopathological evaluation, multifocal areas of mild to moderate congestion of the glomerular tufts and protein in the tubular lumen in the kidneys were observed. In the liver, in the centrilobular regions, mild to moderate fatty degeneration was observed, and only in one sheep was observed, macroscopically and microscopically, an ulcerated focal area in the bladder mucosa. The findings of the present research demonstrated that the formulated diet was effective in inducing clinical disease. Liver and urinary tract lesions were found, but there were no significant histomorphometric changes.
Urolithiasis is an economically important disease for male sheep production that causes the premature calving of sheep for breeding, treatment costs and death. The association between hemogasometric evaluation, acute phase protein (APP) research as early biomarkers and urinary tract morphometric study can be employed as an early diagnostic aid for the disease. For this purpose, 14 healthy male (non-castrated) Santa Inês sheep, approximately 90 days old, were used. Sheep received a hyperphosphoric experimental diet throughout the experimental period, were examined weekly and after development of urolithiasis, reorganized into two distinct experimental groups D1 (without urolithiasis) and D2 (with urolithiasis) for comparative analysis of the data. In the pre-experimental period and on the day of slaughter, venous blood samples were collected for hemogasometric evaluation. To measure immunoglobulins (A and G) and APP, samples from sheep that developed urolithiasis (D2) were analyzed. Blood samples were collected weekly until the clinical manifestation of the disease, totaling 16 samples. At the end of the experiment, sheep were slaughtered and necropsied to describe the pathological changes and the morphometric analysis. Urinary tract and liver fragments were collected and submitted to histological routine and histological slides were described, followed by histomorphometry. Although blood pH was not different (P < 0.05) between groups, sheep that developed urolithiasis had compensatory metabolic alkalosis. Carbon dioxide partial pressure elevation (pCO2) was observed between D1 and D2, but there was a difference (P < 0.05) only in the final moments (FMs). Significant differences in base excess (BE), total plasma carbon dioxide (tCO2), bicarbonate (HCO3-) and bicarbonate saturation (stHCO3-) were recorded only in the FMs, as well as higher values for Na+ and K+. The APP that showed difference (P < 0.05) over time were haptoglobin and transferrin. Necrosis of the urethral process and full urinary bladder were observed in all sheep that developed urolithiasis. In addition, one of the sheep presented hydronephrosis, extensive area of urinary bladder hemorrhage, urethral rupture and subcutaneous edema. There was no significant difference in macroscopic morphometric variables between groups, except for right ureter width, contrary to the hypothesis of its possible use as an early diagnostic aid method for urolithiasis. Regarding histopathological evaluation, multifocal areas of mild to moderate congestion of the glomerular tufts and protein in the tubular lumen in the kidneys were observed. In the liver, in the centrilobular regions, mild to moderate fatty degeneration was observed, and only in one sheep was observed, macroscopically and microscopically, an ulcerated focal area in the bladder mucosa. The findings of the present research demonstrated that the formulated diet was effective in inducing clinical disease. Liver and urinary tract lesions were found, but there were no significant histomorphometric changes.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Carneiro, Haptoglobins, Acid-base equilibrium, Transferrina, Aparelho geniturinário, Morphometry