O Programa Vida Saudável do Ministério do Esporte: dificuldades e perspectivas na visão de gestores e participantes idosos
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Data
2019-11-08
Autores
Rodrigues, Nara Heloisa [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este estudo, de natureza qualitativa, tem por objetivos investigar as dificuldades e as perspectivas relacionadas ao desenvolvimento do Programa Vida Saudável ofertado pelo extinto Ministério do Esporte (ME) na visão de dirigentes e idosos participantes. Para tanto, foram realizadas pesquisas dos tipos exploratória e descritiva, sendo adotados os delineamentos das pesquisas bibliográfica, documental e de campo. Identificou-se o Programa Vida Saudável (VS), como aquele que focaliza especificamente a pessoa idosa, sendo tomado para análise nesta Tese. Na Etapa 1, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de literatura, a qual permeou discussões sobre o VS, com base em 5 estudos elegíveis, sendo discutidos os aspectos metológicos empregados e os conteúdos relacionados à perspectiva de promoção de saúde e Qualidade de Vida (QV), a formação, a implantação, a gestão e à avaliação do Programa VS. Na Etapa 2, foram elaborados dois instrumentos, os quais foram avaliados e validados por um comitê de juízes, consolidados como QuAP-VS – versão para Dirigentes (DG) - gestores, coordenadores e agentes e QuAP-VS – versão para Idosos, sendo estes instrumentos compostos por itens referentes à caracterização da amostra e questões abertas e fechadas do tipo Likert. Posteriormente, na Etapa 3, o QuaAP-VS foi aplicado, por meio de entrevista estruturada, a uma amostra de 20 DG representantes de diferentes órgãos conveniados com o VS no país. Os dados encontrados nesta etapa foram discutidos de acordo com as categorias: funcionamento, dificuldades, perspectivas (impactos) e sugestões acerca do Programa, sendo observada uma visão mais negativa destes entrevistados quanto às categorias sobre as dificuldades de desenvolvimento do VS, principalmente no que tange às problemáticas de diálogo interno ao órgão local e, inclusive, entre o órgão local e o federal. Para a Etapa 4 o QuaAP-VS foi empregado em entrevista estruturada com 21 idosos do VS de uma cidade da região sudeste do país. Os dados encontrados também foram discutidos nas mesmas categorias da Etapa 3, entretanto, na perspectiva dos usuários do VS, os quais apontaram predominantemente, uma visão positiva em relação ao Programa, demonstrando que os benefícios sociais desencadeados parecem superar as dificuldades de seu desenvolvimento, sendo imprescindível à vida destes idosos. Todas as categorias de discussão das etapas anteriores foram elaboradas a posteriori, por meio da Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Os desdobramentos desta Tese, expressos na Etapa 5, permitiram a elaboração de dois instrumentos de avaliação de Políticas Públicas de Esporte e Lazer para idosos, os quais poderão subsidiar a identificação da perspectiva dos diferentes atores da Política Pública quanto ao Programa, fortalecendo a área de Esporte e Lazer. Após o desenvolvimento deste estudo concluiu-se que (Etapa 6): O Programa VS é o único do extinto ME específico para o público idoso e parece contemplar suas premissas, devendo ser considerado pelas ações governamentais como uma proposta a ser mantida, haja vista os benefícios que podem proporcionar à vida de seus usuários, contribuindo para a democratização do acesso ao esporte recreativo e ao lazer.
The present qualitative study aims to investigate the difficulties and perspectives related to the development of the Vida Saudável (VS) Program offered by the former Ministry of Sport (MS) in accordance with the leaders and the participant elderlies. Thus, an exploratory and a descriptive research was conducted using bibliographic, documentary and field research designs. The VS Program focuses specifically on the elderly. In the First Step, a systematic review was developed, which permeated a discussion about the VS Program, based on 5 eligible studies. The discussion regarded these studies' methodological aspects and contents in perspective of health promotion, quality of life, development, training, implementation, management and evaluation of the VS Program. In the Second Step, the QuAP-VS - Version for Leaders (managers, coordinators and agents) and QuAP-VS - Version for Elderlies. These questionnaires were developed and validated for the current Thesis. The questionnaires are composed of the characterization of the sample and open and closed-ended questions. Subsequently, in the Third Step, the QuaAP-VS was applied to a sample of 20 representative leaders from different VS Program partner organs in Brazil. The collected data were discussed according to the categories: functioning, difficulties, perspectives (impacts) and suggestions with respect to the VS Program. It was observed a negative inclination of these interviewees as to the difficulties and problematic internal dialogue with the local organ, and between the local and federal organs. The Fourth Step involved a structured interview, with the application of the QuAP-VS in 21 VS elderlies from a city in the southeast region of the country. The collected data were also discussed according to the previous categories (Step 3), however, from the perspective of VS participants, who predominantly, pointed to a positive view of the VS Program, demonstrating that the social benefits triggered seem to outweigh the difficulties of its development, which are indispensable to the lives of the elderly. The categories were elaborated a posteriori through the Content Analysis Technique. The unfolding of this Thesis, expressed in the Fifth Step allowed the development of two questionnaires for the assessment of Public Policies for Sport and Leisure for the elderly, which may subsidize the identification of the perspective from the different Public Policy actors regarding the Program, and in return strengthen the areas of sports and leisure. After the development of this study, it was concluded that (Sixth Step): The VS is the only program exclusively for the elderly, which seems to contemplate its premises, and therefore should be considered by government actions as a proposal to be maintained, considering the benefits that may provide to the lives of its users, and finally contributing to the democratization of access to recreational sports and leisure.
The present qualitative study aims to investigate the difficulties and perspectives related to the development of the Vida Saudável (VS) Program offered by the former Ministry of Sport (MS) in accordance with the leaders and the participant elderlies. Thus, an exploratory and a descriptive research was conducted using bibliographic, documentary and field research designs. The VS Program focuses specifically on the elderly. In the First Step, a systematic review was developed, which permeated a discussion about the VS Program, based on 5 eligible studies. The discussion regarded these studies' methodological aspects and contents in perspective of health promotion, quality of life, development, training, implementation, management and evaluation of the VS Program. In the Second Step, the QuAP-VS - Version for Leaders (managers, coordinators and agents) and QuAP-VS - Version for Elderlies. These questionnaires were developed and validated for the current Thesis. The questionnaires are composed of the characterization of the sample and open and closed-ended questions. Subsequently, in the Third Step, the QuaAP-VS was applied to a sample of 20 representative leaders from different VS Program partner organs in Brazil. The collected data were discussed according to the categories: functioning, difficulties, perspectives (impacts) and suggestions with respect to the VS Program. It was observed a negative inclination of these interviewees as to the difficulties and problematic internal dialogue with the local organ, and between the local and federal organs. The Fourth Step involved a structured interview, with the application of the QuAP-VS in 21 VS elderlies from a city in the southeast region of the country. The collected data were also discussed according to the previous categories (Step 3), however, from the perspective of VS participants, who predominantly, pointed to a positive view of the VS Program, demonstrating that the social benefits triggered seem to outweigh the difficulties of its development, which are indispensable to the lives of the elderly. The categories were elaborated a posteriori through the Content Analysis Technique. The unfolding of this Thesis, expressed in the Fifth Step allowed the development of two questionnaires for the assessment of Public Policies for Sport and Leisure for the elderly, which may subsidize the identification of the perspective from the different Public Policy actors regarding the Program, and in return strengthen the areas of sports and leisure. After the development of this study, it was concluded that (Sixth Step): The VS is the only program exclusively for the elderly, which seems to contemplate its premises, and therefore should be considered by government actions as a proposal to be maintained, considering the benefits that may provide to the lives of its users, and finally contributing to the democratization of access to recreational sports and leisure.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Programa Vida Saudável, Idoso, Política pública, Esporte, Lazer, Programa Vida Saudável, Elderly, Public Policy, Sport, Leisure