Qualidade das águas de represas artificiais do córrego da olaria pindorama – sp: perspectivas para o controle e manejo do solo e da água para usos múltiplos
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Data
2019-09-30
Autores
Lopes, Maria Conceição [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O estudo da dinâmica hídrica das represas artificiais é de extrema importância para melhorar a qualidade e os usos múltiplos da água e compreender os processos de integração entre o uso do solo e água em bacias hidrográficas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os parâmetros físico-químicos do recurso hídrico de duas represas artificiais, e correlacioná–los com o uso e manejo do solo na microbacia do Córrego da Olaria, Pindorama-SP. Foram analisadas mensalmente in loco, em perfis verticais, os parâmetros químicos e físicos nas duas represas com diferentes usos do solo no seu entorno, tais como fragmentos de mata nativa e mata em regeneração localizadas no Polo Regional Centro Norte. A classificação do uso do solo foi feita por técnica de detecção visual em uma imagem multiespectral de satélite LandSat 8 - bandas espectrais, sensor OLI. Os usos do solo observados foram com atividades agrícolas e vegetação natural. Foram selecionados para análise da qualidade de água os parâmetros pH, oxigênio dissolvido (OD), temperatura da água (T), sólidos totais dissolvidos (TDS), condutividade elétrica (CE), turbidez (TD) e Potencial de oxirredução (ORP). Os dados foram analisados em estatísticas descritiva. As diferenças entre as médias dos parâmetros foram analisadas usando box plot, e avaliados de acordo com os valores determinados pela Resolução CONAMA n°357/2005. O parâmetro CE registrou o valor médio de 240 μS cm-1 e 330 μS cm-1, o qual está acima da legislação que determina 100 μS cm-1. Os valores de pH 5,8 e OD de 1,50 mg L-1 apresentaram-se em desconformidade com a Resolução na represa artificial com mata em regeneração, a qual também apresentou o maior valor de temperatura. A turbidez apresentou valor de 10 ntu, e 90 ntu, o qual encontra-se em limite aceitável de 100 ntu nas duas represas. O ORP apresentou dentro dos limites determinados na portaria MS 2914/2011 em ambas represas artificiais. Contudo, ressalta-se que os parâmetros relacionados com transporte de matéria orgânica e sedimento advindos de área agrícola, a saber: CE, TDS e turbidez tiveram os maiores valores na represa com fragmento de mata. Este resultado está relacionado ao manejo do solo e ao gradiente da declividade do terreno nas margens dos reservatórios, sendo esses os fatores que mais interferem na qualidade do recurso hídrico
The study of the water dynamics of artificial dams is of utmost importance to improve the quality and multiple uses of water and to understand the processes of integration between land use and water in watersheds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical parameters of the water resource of two artificial dams, and to correlate them with land use and management in the Córrego da Olaria, Pindorama-SP. In vertical profiles were analyzed monthly on site, the chemical and physical parameters in the two dams with different land uses in their surroundings, such as fragments of native forest and regenerating forest located in the Polo Regional Centro Norte. Land use classification was made by visual detection technique in a LandSat 8 multispectral satellite image - spectral bands, OLI sensor. The observed land uses were with agricultural activities and natural vegetation. The parameters pH, dissolved oxygen (OD), water temperature (T), total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity (TD) and Oxidation potential (ORP) were selected for water quality analysis. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Differences between parameter means were analyzed using box plot and evaluated according to the values determined by CONAMA Resolution No. 357/2005. The EC parameter recorded the average value of 240 μS cm-1 and 330 μS cm-1, which is above the legislation that determines 100 μS cm-1. The pH values 5.8 and OD of 1.50 mg L-1 were not in accordance with the resolution on the artificial dam with regenerating forest, which also had the highest temperature value. The turbidity presented a value of 10 ntu, and 90 ntu, which is in an acceptable limit of 100 ntu in both dams. The ORP presented within the limits determined in Ordinance MS 2914/2011 in both artificial dams. However, it is noteworthy that the parameters related to transport of organic matter and sediment from the agricultural area, namely: EC, TDS and turbidity had the highest values in the forest fragment dam. This result is related to soil management and the slope gradient of the reservoir margins, which are the factors that most affect the quality of water resources.
The study of the water dynamics of artificial dams is of utmost importance to improve the quality and multiple uses of water and to understand the processes of integration between land use and water in watersheds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical parameters of the water resource of two artificial dams, and to correlate them with land use and management in the Córrego da Olaria, Pindorama-SP. In vertical profiles were analyzed monthly on site, the chemical and physical parameters in the two dams with different land uses in their surroundings, such as fragments of native forest and regenerating forest located in the Polo Regional Centro Norte. Land use classification was made by visual detection technique in a LandSat 8 multispectral satellite image - spectral bands, OLI sensor. The observed land uses were with agricultural activities and natural vegetation. The parameters pH, dissolved oxygen (OD), water temperature (T), total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity (TD) and Oxidation potential (ORP) were selected for water quality analysis. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Differences between parameter means were analyzed using box plot and evaluated according to the values determined by CONAMA Resolution No. 357/2005. The EC parameter recorded the average value of 240 μS cm-1 and 330 μS cm-1, which is above the legislation that determines 100 μS cm-1. The pH values 5.8 and OD of 1.50 mg L-1 were not in accordance with the resolution on the artificial dam with regenerating forest, which also had the highest temperature value. The turbidity presented a value of 10 ntu, and 90 ntu, which is in an acceptable limit of 100 ntu in both dams. The ORP presented within the limits determined in Ordinance MS 2914/2011 in both artificial dams. However, it is noteworthy that the parameters related to transport of organic matter and sediment from the agricultural area, namely: EC, TDS and turbidity had the highest values in the forest fragment dam. This result is related to soil management and the slope gradient of the reservoir margins, which are the factors that most affect the quality of water resources.
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Palavras-chave
Recurso hídrico, Erosão, Reservatórios, Bacia hidrográfica