Avaliação da qualidade de vida, ansiedade, estresse e depressão de cuidadores de pessoas com ou sem Síndrome de Down.
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Data
2019-12-12
Autores
Amaral, Marina Fuzette [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A qualidade de vida é a percepção do indivíduo sobre sua posição na vida e em relação aos seus objetivos, expectativas, padrões e preocupações representando seu grau de satisfação. Cuidar de pacientes com Sídrome de Down (SD) demanda tarefas complexas, delicadas e sofridas que somadas as responsabilidades diárias, podem gerar um impacto na qualidade de vida. Além disso, toda sobrecarga, pode causar estresse social e trazer sentimentos de ansiedade e depressão, em longo prazo, ao cuidador de um portador da SD. Assim, o objetivo foi avaliar a qualidade de vida, ansiedade, estresse e depressão de cuidadores de pacientes com ou sem síndrome de Down. O estudo foi conduzido com uma amostra de 144 participantes, que serão divididos entre dois grupos denominados GC (Grupo Controle) e GSD (Grupo Síndrome de Down). No GC, participou do estudo cuidadores de crianças com desenvolvimento normal de uma escola pública, numa faixa etária de 4 a 8 anos e no GSD, participou do estudo cuidadores principais de pacientes com SD, numa faixa etária de 4 a 30 anos de idade. Para coleta de dados foram utilizados 5 questionários para identificação do cuidador, avaliação da qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-Bref), avaliação de depressão (BDI), avaliação de ansiedade (BAI) e avaliação de estresse (LIPP). Para a análise dos dados foram identificadas categorias referentes ao perfil do cuidador, e foi utilizado teste Qui-quadrado com post hoc Bonferroni modificado com nível de significância de p ≤ 0,05, para comparação entre os grupos e os testes de correlação de Rank e Pearson. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos na avaliação do BDI. Houve correlação maior e significativa do nível de ansiedade com os cuidadores do grupo C. A intensidade dos sintomas físicos de estresse foi significativamente maior no grupo SD, no qual 37,8% estavam na fase de exaustão do estresse. Na avaliação da qualidade de vida, o grupo SD teve correlação significativa menor referente ao domínio psicológico do que o grupo C e maior referente ao domínio do meio ambiente do que o grupo C. No grupo SD, houve correlação positiva entre sintomas físicos do estresse e o grau de dependência do portador de SD, (Correlação de Pearson=0,23; p=0,04). Também foi mostrado que a auto avaliação da qualidade de vida foi melhor entre os cuidadores de SD que tinham uma maior renda familiar (correlação de Pearson=0,53; p=0.02). Assim conclui-se que os cuidadores de pessoas com SD apresentaram piores sintomas de estresse físico e pior qualidade de vida no domínio psicológico do que os cuidadores de crianças sem SD. Os sintomas de estresse físico estão relacionados com o maior grau de dependência do portador de SD, enquanto que a qualidade de vida dos cuidadores de SD tem relação direta com uma maior renda familiar.
Quality of life is the individual's perception of their position in life and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns representing their degree of satisfaction. Caring for patients with Down's Syndrome (DS) demands complex, delicate and painful tasks that, added to the daily responsibilities, can have an impact on quality of life. In addition, any overload can cause social stress and bring long-term feelings of anxiety and depression to the caregiver of a patient with DS. Thus, the objective was to assess the quality of life, anxiety, stress and depression of caregivers of patients with or without Down syndrome. The study was conducted with a sample of 144 participants, who will be divided between two groups called GC (Control Group) and GSD (Down Syndrome Group). In the CG, caregivers of children with normal development in a public school, aged 4 to 8 years, participated in the study and in the GSD, the main caregivers of patients with DS, aged 4 to 30 years, participated in the study. For data collection, 5 questionnaires were used to identify the caregiver, assess quality of life (WHOQOL-Bref), assess depression (BDI), assess anxiety (BAI) and assess stress (LIPP). For data analysis, categories related to the caregiver's profile were identified, and a Chi-square test with modified post-hoc Bonferroni was used, with a significance level of p ≤ 0.05, for comparison between groups and Rank and correlation tests. Pearson. There was no significant difference between groups in the BDI assessment. There was a greater and more significant correlation of the level of anxiety with the caregivers of group C. The intensity of the physical symptoms of stress was significantly higher in the DS group, in which 37.8% were in the phase of stress exhaustion. In assessing quality of life, the SD group had a significantly lower correlation with regard to the psychological domain than group C and a greater correlation with the environment domain than group C. In the SD group, there was a positive correlation between physical symptoms of stress and the degree of dependence of the DS patient, (Pearson's correlation = 0.23; p = 0.04). It was also shown that self-rated quality of life was better among DS caregivers who had a higher family income (Pearson's correlation = 0.53; p = 0.02). Thus, it is concluded that caregivers of people with DS had worse symptoms of physical stress and worse quality of life in the psychological domain than caregivers of children without DS. Symptoms of physical stress are related to a higher degree of dependence on the DS patient, while the quality of life of DS caregivers is directly related to a higher family income.
Quality of life is the individual's perception of their position in life and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns representing their degree of satisfaction. Caring for patients with Down's Syndrome (DS) demands complex, delicate and painful tasks that, added to the daily responsibilities, can have an impact on quality of life. In addition, any overload can cause social stress and bring long-term feelings of anxiety and depression to the caregiver of a patient with DS. Thus, the objective was to assess the quality of life, anxiety, stress and depression of caregivers of patients with or without Down syndrome. The study was conducted with a sample of 144 participants, who will be divided between two groups called GC (Control Group) and GSD (Down Syndrome Group). In the CG, caregivers of children with normal development in a public school, aged 4 to 8 years, participated in the study and in the GSD, the main caregivers of patients with DS, aged 4 to 30 years, participated in the study. For data collection, 5 questionnaires were used to identify the caregiver, assess quality of life (WHOQOL-Bref), assess depression (BDI), assess anxiety (BAI) and assess stress (LIPP). For data analysis, categories related to the caregiver's profile were identified, and a Chi-square test with modified post-hoc Bonferroni was used, with a significance level of p ≤ 0.05, for comparison between groups and Rank and correlation tests. Pearson. There was no significant difference between groups in the BDI assessment. There was a greater and more significant correlation of the level of anxiety with the caregivers of group C. The intensity of the physical symptoms of stress was significantly higher in the DS group, in which 37.8% were in the phase of stress exhaustion. In assessing quality of life, the SD group had a significantly lower correlation with regard to the psychological domain than group C and a greater correlation with the environment domain than group C. In the SD group, there was a positive correlation between physical symptoms of stress and the degree of dependence of the DS patient, (Pearson's correlation = 0.23; p = 0.04). It was also shown that self-rated quality of life was better among DS caregivers who had a higher family income (Pearson's correlation = 0.53; p = 0.02). Thus, it is concluded that caregivers of people with DS had worse symptoms of physical stress and worse quality of life in the psychological domain than caregivers of children without DS. Symptoms of physical stress are related to a higher degree of dependence on the DS patient, while the quality of life of DS caregivers is directly related to a higher family income.
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Palavras-chave
Depression., Anxiety., Síndrome de down, Qualidade de vida, Depressão, Ansiedade, Cuidadores, Down syndrome, Quality of life