Ação anti-helmíntica do extrato de Piper cubeba em ovinos
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Data
2019-12-05
Autores
Sanchez, Clara de Araujo
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a atividade anti-helmíntica do extrato da Piper cubeba em helmintos gastrintestinais de ovinos naturalmente infectados. Foram realizados três estudos, Estudo 1: eficácia anti-helmíntica do extrato hidroetanólico da Piper cubeba na dosagem de 2,5 mg/kg de peso vivo (PV) fornecidas em três doses, uma a cada 14 dias; Estudo 2: eficácia anti-helmíntica do extrato hidroetanólico da Piper cubeba na dosagem de 5,0 mg/kg de PV em única dose no dia zero e a toxicidade desse produto; Estudo 3: eficácia anti-helmíntica do extrato hexânico da Piper cubeba na dosagem de 5,0 mg/kg de PV. Foram utilizados 33, 30 e 10 animais nos estudos 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente. Nos estudos 1 e 2, um grupo foi mantido sem tratamento anti-helmíntico e os outros dois foram tratados: um com extrato hidroetanólico da Piper cubeba e o outro com fosfato de levamisol em única dose no dia zero (10 mg/kg de PV) via subcutânea. As coletas das fezes foram realizadas nos dias 0, 4, 10, 14, 21, 28, 35 e 42 no estudo 1 e até os 35 no estudo 2 para posterior análises de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) e culturas de larvas. No estudo 1, o percentual de redução do levamisol foi de 100%, permanecendo até 21 dias após o tratamento. O percentual do extrato foi de 45%, 81% e 93% após a primeira, segunda e terceira dose em relação ao grupo controle, respectivamente. Nas coproculturas os gêneros de larvas encontradas em ordem de prevalência foram Haemonchus, Cooperia, Oesophagostomun e Trichostrongylus. No estudo 2, o percentual de redução do fosfato de levamisol foi de 100% como controle negativo, permanecendo até 21 dias após o tratamento. O percentual de redução do extrato foi de 96,6%, 96,2% e 91,8% aos 14, 21 e 28 dias após a aplicação comparado ao grupo controle respectivamente. Nas coproculturas, os gêneros de larvas encontradas em ordem de prevalência foram Haemoncus, Cooperia., Oesophagostomun Os testes de toxicidade visando função renal e hepática não apresentaram alterações após a administração do extrato. No estudo 3, após 10 dias o extrato hexânico apresentou redução de 56,6% no OPG dos animais. De acordo com os testes realizados, pode-se concluir que o extrato hidroetanólico da Piper cubeba demonstrou atividade anti-helmíntica sem apresentar toxicidade nos animais tratados, porém esta atividade não se dá pelos compostos apolares do extrato como mostrou no teste realizado com o extrato hexânico.
The present work aimed to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of Piper cubeba crude extract in gastrointestinal helminths of naturally infected sheep raised on pasture by in vivo testing. Two tests were performed, one to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of Piper cubeba crude extract, one to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of Piper cubeba hexane extract and to evaluate the toxicity of the tested product. Study 1 was conducted in a naturally infected herd using 33 Santa Inês sheep. One group was maintained without anthelmintic treatment and the other two were treated, one with 2.5 mg / kg PV extract in 3 doses every 14 days and the other with Levamisol phosphate 10 mg / kg PV in single dose. on D0. Stool collections were performed on days 0, 4, 10, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42. The percentage reduction of Levamisol was 100%, remaining until 21 days after treatment. The percentage of the extract was 45% at 14 days after the first dose, 81% at 14 days after the second dose and 93% 14 days after the third dose compared to the control group. In coprocultures the genera of larvae found in order of prevalence were Haemoncus , Cooperia, Oesophagostomun and Trichostrongylus sp. Study 2 was conducted in another naturally infected herd using 30 sheep of the breed. One group was maintained without anthelmintic treatment and the other two were treated, one with 5 mg / kg single dose PV extract on D0 and the other with 10 mg / kg PV single dose levisol phosphate on D0. Fecal collections were performed on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35. The percentage of reduction of Levisol phosphate was 100% as negative control, remaining until 21 days after treatment. The percentage of extract reduction was 96.6% at 14 days after application, 96.2% at 21 days and 91.8% at 28 days, compared to the control group. In coprocultures, the genera of larvae found in order of prevalence were Haemoncus., Cooperia, Oesophagostomun. Toxicity tests with the parameters Urea, Creatinine and AST showed no changes after the administration of the extract. In study 3, the anthelmintic efficacy test was performed to evaluate the action of Piper cubeba hexane extract in 10 animals at a single dose of 5mg / kg in D0. After 10 days the extract obtained partial efficacy with a reduction of 56.6% in the opg of the animals. The crude extract of Piper cubeba showed anthelmintic activity without toxicity in treated animals but this activity is not due to the nonpolar compounds of the extract as shown in the test performed with hexane extract.
The present work aimed to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of Piper cubeba crude extract in gastrointestinal helminths of naturally infected sheep raised on pasture by in vivo testing. Two tests were performed, one to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of Piper cubeba crude extract, one to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of Piper cubeba hexane extract and to evaluate the toxicity of the tested product. Study 1 was conducted in a naturally infected herd using 33 Santa Inês sheep. One group was maintained without anthelmintic treatment and the other two were treated, one with 2.5 mg / kg PV extract in 3 doses every 14 days and the other with Levamisol phosphate 10 mg / kg PV in single dose. on D0. Stool collections were performed on days 0, 4, 10, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42. The percentage reduction of Levamisol was 100%, remaining until 21 days after treatment. The percentage of the extract was 45% at 14 days after the first dose, 81% at 14 days after the second dose and 93% 14 days after the third dose compared to the control group. In coprocultures the genera of larvae found in order of prevalence were Haemoncus , Cooperia, Oesophagostomun and Trichostrongylus sp. Study 2 was conducted in another naturally infected herd using 30 sheep of the breed. One group was maintained without anthelmintic treatment and the other two were treated, one with 5 mg / kg single dose PV extract on D0 and the other with 10 mg / kg PV single dose levisol phosphate on D0. Fecal collections were performed on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35. The percentage of reduction of Levisol phosphate was 100% as negative control, remaining until 21 days after treatment. The percentage of extract reduction was 96.6% at 14 days after application, 96.2% at 21 days and 91.8% at 28 days, compared to the control group. In coprocultures, the genera of larvae found in order of prevalence were Haemoncus., Cooperia, Oesophagostomun. Toxicity tests with the parameters Urea, Creatinine and AST showed no changes after the administration of the extract. In study 3, the anthelmintic efficacy test was performed to evaluate the action of Piper cubeba hexane extract in 10 animals at a single dose of 5mg / kg in D0. After 10 days the extract obtained partial efficacy with a reduction of 56.6% in the opg of the animals. The crude extract of Piper cubeba showed anthelmintic activity without toxicity in treated animals but this activity is not due to the nonpolar compounds of the extract as shown in the test performed with hexane extract.
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Palavras-chave
fitoterápicos, helmintos, resistencia, ruminantes, herbal medicines, helminths, resistance, ruminants