Identificação dos impactos ambientais causados pelo cultivo da cana-de-açúcar e propostas de mitigação com o auxílio das geotecnologias
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Data
2018-06-22
Autores
Ferreira, Nádia Horiye
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A cana-de-açúcar é parte indissociável da história do Brasil. Ocupando o segundo lugar no ranking de produção agrícola nacional, a expansão desta cultura nos leva a reflexões a respeito dos impactos ambientais envolvidos nesta monocultura. O seu potencial de crescimento no Brasil é promissor, pois de modo geral, este oferece condições naturais favoráveis ao seu desenvolvimento juntamente com a possibilidade de inserção de tecnologias que driblam os limites que o meio ambiente possa oferecer. O sistema de produção da cana-deaçúcar é altamente tecnificado e quando dissociado de técnicas conservacionistas, pode promover a perda de solos e o assoreamento dos rios. A velocidade de inserção de novas tecnologias buscando a otimização e produtividade não tem ocorrido concomitantemente à estudos de viabilidade mais aprofundados em relação aos fatores naturais limitantes, específicos em determinadas áreas, tais como os fatores geomorfológicos e pedológicos. Devido às numerosas evidências de danos ambientais relacionados aos processos erosivos e de assoreamento de cursos d’água, a SAA desenvolveu um Boletim de Recomendações Gerais para Conservação do Solo na Cultura da Cana-de-Açúcar (2016). Assim, com o objetivo de identificar alguns dos impactos ambientais no cultivo da cana-de-açúcar, associados ao manejo inadequado do solo e, propor medidas que minimizem os processos erosivos, a presente pesquisa utiliza-se das geotecnologias para retratar inicialmente o diagnóstico da microbacia do córrego Água do Sales, município de Pederneiras, estado de São Paulo e, posteriormente, apresentar uma proposta mitigadora conforme orientações do Boletim (SAA, 2016). O estudo abrange os aspectos físicos e antrópicos que envolvem esta microbacia, a elaboração de Mapa Síntese de Fragilidade do Terreno à processos erosivos e Mapas para o planejamento e orientação da implantação dos terraços acompanhado das tabelas de cálculos de espaçamento e dimensionamento destes. O estudo aborda as questões legais correlatas que dão amparo ao meio ambiente, o sistema de produção da cana-de-açúcar, a importância das geotecnologias nos estudos ambientais e da bacia hidrográfica como unidade de planejamento e gestão. Pode-se concluir que os fatores pedológicos e geomorfológicos são determinantes para a elaboração do Mapa Síntese de Fragilidade do Terreno. Estes devem ser incontestavelmente incorporados nas análises de Zoneamentos amparados por lei. Os cálculos e mapas elaborados possibilitam orientações acerca dos espaçamentos e práticas viáveis de serem aplicados na microbacia de estudo.
Sugarcane is an indivisible part of Brazil's history. Occupying the second place in the ranking of national agricultural production, the expansion of this crop leads us to reflections on the environmental impacts involved in this monoculture. Its growth potential in Brazil is promising, because in general, it offers favorable natural conditions for its development together with the possibility of inserting technologies that circumvent the limits that the environment can offer. The sugarcane’s production system is highly technified and when decoupled from conservation techniques, it can promote soil loss and silting of rivers. In addition, the speed of new technologies insertion searching for optimization and productivity has not occurred concurrently with the more feasible studies of the limiting natural factors, specific in certain areas, such as geomorphological and pedological factors. Due to the extensive environmental damage evidence related to erosion and silting of watercourses processes, SAA has developed a General Recommendations Bulletin for Soil Conservation in Sugarcane Crop (2016). Thus, with the purpose to identify some of the environmental impacts of sugarcane cultivation, associated with inadequate soil management, and propose measures that minimize erosion processes, the present research uses geotechnologies to initially portray the diagnosis of the Água do Sales microbasins water stream, Pederneiras municipality, São Paulo’s State and, subsequently, present a mitigating proposal according to the guidelines of the Bulletin (SAA, 2016). The study covers the physical and anthropic aspects that involve this microbasin, the elaboration of the Synthesis Map of the Terrain’s Fragility to the erosive processes and Maps for the planning and orientation of the terraces’ implantation accompanied by the calculations tables of it’s spacing and dimensioning. The study addresses the related legal issues that support the environment, the sugarcane production system, the geotechnologies importance in environmental studies and the hydrographic basin as a planning and management unit. It can be concluded that the pedological and geomorphological factors are decisive for the elaboration of the Synthesis Map of Fragility of the Terrain. These must undoubtedly be incorporated into the analysis of zonings supported by law. The calculations and maps prepared provide guidance on the spacing and feasible practices to be applied in the study watershed.
Sugarcane is an indivisible part of Brazil's history. Occupying the second place in the ranking of national agricultural production, the expansion of this crop leads us to reflections on the environmental impacts involved in this monoculture. Its growth potential in Brazil is promising, because in general, it offers favorable natural conditions for its development together with the possibility of inserting technologies that circumvent the limits that the environment can offer. The sugarcane’s production system is highly technified and when decoupled from conservation techniques, it can promote soil loss and silting of rivers. In addition, the speed of new technologies insertion searching for optimization and productivity has not occurred concurrently with the more feasible studies of the limiting natural factors, specific in certain areas, such as geomorphological and pedological factors. Due to the extensive environmental damage evidence related to erosion and silting of watercourses processes, SAA has developed a General Recommendations Bulletin for Soil Conservation in Sugarcane Crop (2016). Thus, with the purpose to identify some of the environmental impacts of sugarcane cultivation, associated with inadequate soil management, and propose measures that minimize erosion processes, the present research uses geotechnologies to initially portray the diagnosis of the Água do Sales microbasins water stream, Pederneiras municipality, São Paulo’s State and, subsequently, present a mitigating proposal according to the guidelines of the Bulletin (SAA, 2016). The study covers the physical and anthropic aspects that involve this microbasin, the elaboration of the Synthesis Map of the Terrain’s Fragility to the erosive processes and Maps for the planning and orientation of the terraces’ implantation accompanied by the calculations tables of it’s spacing and dimensioning. The study addresses the related legal issues that support the environment, the sugarcane production system, the geotechnologies importance in environmental studies and the hydrographic basin as a planning and management unit. It can be concluded that the pedological and geomorphological factors are decisive for the elaboration of the Synthesis Map of Fragility of the Terrain. These must undoubtedly be incorporated into the analysis of zonings supported by law. The calculations and maps prepared provide guidance on the spacing and feasible practices to be applied in the study watershed.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Bacias hidrográficas, Erosão, Planejamento, Solos conservação, Hydrographic basins, Erosion, Planning, Soil conservation