Índice de vulnerabilidade natural para a conservação da Área de Proteção Ambiental do Rio Uberaba – MG
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Data
2020-01-27
Autores
Martins, Magda Stella de Melo
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A Área de Proteção Ambiental – APA é uma superfície que apresenta características naturais relevantes da paisagem, as quais devem ser preservadas. A compreensão de métricas que caracterizem esse ambiente é fundamental para elaborar o planejamento de ações com práticas conservacionistas. Este estudo teve como objetivo principal elaborar um índice de vulnerabilidade (Iv) natural da microbacia hidrográfica da APA do Rio Uberaba, que considere a conformação geomorfológica do sistema de drenagem a partir da divisão hidrológica e das variáveis topográficas da paisagem natural. A metodologia foi desenvolvida a partir do uso do modelo hidrológico Soil and Water Assessment Tool – SWAT, na divisão hidrogeomorfológica da bacia hidrográfica da APA por diferenças altimétricas e no cálculo da média ponderada de sete parâmetros: Ffcl (fator forma), Iccl (índice de circularidade), kccl (coeficiente de compacidade), D%cl (declividade percentual) e Rrcl (razão de relevo). A organização espacial foi resultante da interação dos parâmetros e dos componentes dos recursos naturais: solo, topografia, uso do solo e clima. O processamento e a análise estatística dos dados foram realizados com recurso a sistemas de informação geográfica e a partir do uso de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto. A relação entre os componentes do sistema ambiental físico foi determinada na divisão da Microbacia Hidrográfica da APA do Rio Uberaba (MbHARU). O índice de vulnerabilidade (Iv) foi gerado e a MbHARU apresentou vulnerabilidade natural em toda a sua extensão, que se refere ao potencial de degradação natural preexistente para a área. É necessária a aplicação de práticas de manejo conservacionistas, visto que o processo de depreciação do solo está acelerado e poderá se tornar irreversível.
The Environmental Protection Area - APA is a surface that presents relevant natural characteristics of the landscape, which must be preserved. The understanding of metrics that characterize this environment is essential to elaborate the planning of actions with conservationist practices. This study had as main objective to elaborate a natural vulnerability index (Iv) and to simulate the hydrological behavior of the watershed of the APA Uberaba River, which considers the geomorphological conformation of the drainage system from the hydrological division and the topographic variables of the natural landscape. The methodology was developed using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool - SWAT hydrological model, in the hydrogeomorphological division of the APA of the Uberaba River by altimetric differences and by calculating the weighted average of seven parameters: Ffcl (factor form), Iccl (circularity index), kccl (compactness coefficient), D%cl (slope percentage) and Rrcl (relief ratio). The spatial organization resulted from the interaction of those parameters and the components of natural resources: soil, topography, land use and climate (air temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, wind speed and relative air humidity) were considered. The processing and statistical analysis of the data were carried out in geographic information systems and using remote sensing techniques. The relationship between the components of the physical environmental system was determined by dividing the watershed (MbHARU) into hydrological compartments, which was possible to perform an individualized morphometric analysis. The vulnerability index (Iv) was calculated and the MbHARU has low to medium natural vulnerability, which refers to the potential for pre-existing natural degradation on the area. It is necessary to apply conservation management practices, since the process of soil depreciation is accelerated and may become irreversible.
The Environmental Protection Area - APA is a surface that presents relevant natural characteristics of the landscape, which must be preserved. The understanding of metrics that characterize this environment is essential to elaborate the planning of actions with conservationist practices. This study had as main objective to elaborate a natural vulnerability index (Iv) and to simulate the hydrological behavior of the watershed of the APA Uberaba River, which considers the geomorphological conformation of the drainage system from the hydrological division and the topographic variables of the natural landscape. The methodology was developed using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool - SWAT hydrological model, in the hydrogeomorphological division of the APA of the Uberaba River by altimetric differences and by calculating the weighted average of seven parameters: Ffcl (factor form), Iccl (circularity index), kccl (compactness coefficient), D%cl (slope percentage) and Rrcl (relief ratio). The spatial organization resulted from the interaction of those parameters and the components of natural resources: soil, topography, land use and climate (air temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, wind speed and relative air humidity) were considered. The processing and statistical analysis of the data were carried out in geographic information systems and using remote sensing techniques. The relationship between the components of the physical environmental system was determined by dividing the watershed (MbHARU) into hydrological compartments, which was possible to perform an individualized morphometric analysis. The vulnerability index (Iv) was calculated and the MbHARU has low to medium natural vulnerability, which refers to the potential for pre-existing natural degradation on the area. It is necessary to apply conservation management practices, since the process of soil depreciation is accelerated and may become irreversible.
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Palavras-chave
Degradação ambiental, Hidrologia, Morfometria