Modelos de projetos no setor público: referenciamento em caso de violência sexual contra criança e adolescente com o uso de análise multicritério de decisão
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Data
2020-02-17
Autores
Trevizan, Flavia Fernandes
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Utilizando as palavras da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) a violência é definida como o “uso intencional de força física ou do poder, real ou uma ameaça, contra si próprio, contra outra pessoa, ou contra um grupo ou uma comunidade, que resulta ou tenha grande possibilidade de resultar em lesão, morte, dano psicológico, deficiência de desenvolvimento ou privação”. Dentre as diversas formas de violência que atingem crianças e adolescentes a violência sexual é uma das mais complexas violações dos direitos da infância. Ela ocorre quando uma criança é submetida à atividade sexual a qual não possa compreender, não tenha desenvolvimento compatível e não exista consentimento (PLATT et al., 2018). As consequências do abuso sexual infantil são múltiplos, seus efeitos físicos e psicológicos podem ser devastadores, impactando na vida das vítimas e demais membros da família de forma permanente. As crianças e adolescentes que passaram por esse tipo de violência vivenciam situações de medo, fragilidades emocionais e perda de vínculos afetivos que as colocam em situação de vulnerabilidade e insegurança. Dentro dessa problemática, essa pesquisa pretende ser um instrumento norteador da atuação da rede de atendimento de crianças e adolescentes vítimas de violência sexual no que tange a articulação multinstitucional para proteção e assistência em Bauru/SP. O estudo busca encontrar um conjunto de atividades para as crianças e adolescentes em situação de violência relacionando valores, estado e gravidades com o objetivo de maximizar o seu bem-estar. Nesse contexto, propõe-se uma abordagem multimetodologia desenvolvida a partir do modelo multicritério de decisão MACBETH (Measuring Attractiveness by a Categorical Based Evaluation Technique) combinado com os fundamentos do método Delphi e Value focused Thinking. Os resultados revelam ações que devem ser tomadas em três níveis de prioridades, especificamente, emergencial, encaminhamentos e acompanhamentos, na formulação de projetos de atendimentos.
The World Health Organization defines violence as “the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment or deprivation”. Among the various forms of violence affecting children and adolescents, sexual violence is one of the most complex violations. It occurs when a child is subjected to sexual activity which he cannot understand, has no compatible development, and there is no consent (PLATT et al., 2018). The consequences of child sexual abuse are manifold, their physical and psychological effects can be devastating, impacting the lives of victims and other family members permanently. Children and adolescents who have experienced this type of violence experience situations of fear, emotional fragility, loss of emotional bonds, which put them in a situation of vulnerability and insecurity. This research intends to be a guiding instrument of the performance of the care network of children and adolescents victims of sexual violence regarding the multi-institutional articulation for protection and assistance in Bauru / SP. The study seeks to find a set of activities for children and adolescents in situations of violence relating values, the victim's status and severity, with the aim of maximizing their well-being. In this context, we propose a multimethodology approach developed from the multicriteria decision model MACBETH (Measuring Attractiveness by a Categorical Based Evaluation Technique) combined with the foundations of the Delphi and Value focused Thinking method. The results indicate actions that should be taken at three levels of use, emergency, referrals and follow-up, in the formulation of care projects.
The World Health Organization defines violence as “the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment or deprivation”. Among the various forms of violence affecting children and adolescents, sexual violence is one of the most complex violations. It occurs when a child is subjected to sexual activity which he cannot understand, has no compatible development, and there is no consent (PLATT et al., 2018). The consequences of child sexual abuse are manifold, their physical and psychological effects can be devastating, impacting the lives of victims and other family members permanently. Children and adolescents who have experienced this type of violence experience situations of fear, emotional fragility, loss of emotional bonds, which put them in a situation of vulnerability and insecurity. This research intends to be a guiding instrument of the performance of the care network of children and adolescents victims of sexual violence regarding the multi-institutional articulation for protection and assistance in Bauru / SP. The study seeks to find a set of activities for children and adolescents in situations of violence relating values, the victim's status and severity, with the aim of maximizing their well-being. In this context, we propose a multimethodology approach developed from the multicriteria decision model MACBETH (Measuring Attractiveness by a Categorical Based Evaluation Technique) combined with the foundations of the Delphi and Value focused Thinking method. The results indicate actions that should be taken at three levels of use, emergency, referrals and follow-up, in the formulation of care projects.
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Palavras-chave
Modelo de Apoio à Decisão, MACBETH, Violência, Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis, Violence