Avaliação ambiental de trechos urbanos de córregos de leito concretado após intervenções one-off visando a revitalização
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Data
2020-02-07
Autores
Primo, Kristiane Ramos [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os trechos urbanos de córregos muitas vezes apresentam uma baixa qualidade de água e, somado a este problema, a população enfrenta crescente preocupação com a escassez dos recursos hídricos. Diante da alteração antrópica de trechos urbanos de córregos por meio da retificação e concretagem, surge a preocupação por parte dos cientistas, da modificação do habitat aquático e consequente danos ao ecossistema em geral. Medidas intervencionistas de caráter mitigador destes danos são sugeridas na bibliografia com o intuito de atenuar os prejuízos ecológicos do meio ambiente modificado. O principal objetivo deste trabalho portanto, foi verificar o comportamento dos fatores biológicos e orgânicos, da água e do sedimento, após a implementação de medidas de intervenção one-off, com o uso de técnicas biofílicas em trechos urbanos de três córregos de leito concretado, localizados em Sorocaba, SP. Foram realizadas medições e/ou coletas dos parâmetros necessários para o julgamento da conformidade dos métodos de remediação adotados em dois pontos diferentes: na intervenção e à montante da intervenção, sempre em triplicata. Para isto, visitas a campo foram realizadas, durante todo o ano de 2017, com o objetivo de identificar e catalogar, entre outros organismos, a fauna de invertebrados e a comunidade de espécies vegetais. Como resultado do trabalho, observou-se que houve a regeneração espontânea em um dos córregos, porém, a utilização da intervenção no melhoramento dos parâmetros de qualidade da água não se mostrou muito eficaz. Foi utilizado a análise estatística para os dados quantitativos e o método AHP como uma análise multicriterial dos atributos considerados importantes para o sucesso de um projeto desta natureza. Não foi objeto do trabalho a comparação entre as três diferentes técnicas de bioengenharia empregadas, por terem sido empregadas em diferentes córregos com características físicas e dinâmicas hidrológicas diferenciadas. Porém, foi verificado, dentre as obras implementadas, a que apresentou melhor progresso na intervenção ecológica.. Como produto final deste projeto, foi utilizado a análise SWOT, em conjunto com o método AHP, sendo criada uma matriz TOWS com propostas de técnicas para projetos futuros. Recomenda-se, portanto, técnicas de intervenção de córregos urbanos, como ferramenta de auxílio à gestão dos recursos hídricos, para melhorar o ecossistema de uma determinada bacia hidrográfica, por meio de intervenções de baixo custo e fácil execução aliado ao envolvimento da população e órgãos públicos. Para um alcance melhor dos resultados é sugerido o estudo prévio da dinâmica de sedimentos do córrego, verificação do uso e ocupação do solo e do regime de vazão com o intuito de uma melhor escolha das técnicas biofílicas, bem como, melhor posicionamento e arranjo das mesmas no leito do córrego.
Urban stretches of streams often have low water quality and, added to this problem, the population concern about the scarcity of water resources is growing. Faced with the anthropic alteration of urban stretches of streams through rectification with concrete, there is a concern on the part of scientists, about the modification of the aquatic habitat and consequent damage to the ecosystem in general. Interventionist measures to mitigate these damages are suggested in the bibliography in order to mitigate the ecological damage of the modified environment. The main objective of this work, therefore, was to verify the behavior of biological and organic factors, water and sediment, after the implementation of one-off intervention measures, with the use of biophilic techniques in urban stretches of three concrete bed streams, located in Sorocaba, SP. Measurements and / or collections of the necessary parameters were carried out to judge the conformity of the remediation methods adopted at two different points: in the intervention and upstream of the intervention, always in triplicate. For this, field visits were carried out, throughout the year 2017, to identify and catalog, among other organisms, the invertebrate fauna and the plant species community. As a result of the work, it was observed that there was spontaneous regeneration in one of the streams, however, the use of the intervention in improving water quality parameters was not very effective. Statistical analysis was used for quantitative data and the AHP method as a multicriterial analysis of the attributes considered important for the success of a project of this nature. The comparison between the three different bioengineering techniques employed was not the object of the work, as they were used in different streams with different physical characteristics and hydrological dynamics. However, it was verified, among the implemented works, which presented the best progress in the ecological intervention. As the final product of this project, the SWOT analysis was used, together with the AHP method, creating a TOWS matrix with technical proposals for projects in the future. Therefore, techniques for the intervention of urban streams are recommended, as a tool to aid the management of water resources, to improve the ecosystem of a given hydrographic basin, through low-cost and easy-to-execute interventions coupled with the involvement of the population and bodies public. For a better reach of the results, it is suggested the previous study of the stream sediment dynamics, verification of the use and occupation of the soil and the flow regime with the intention of a better choice of the biophilic techniques, as well as, better positioning and arrangement of the same in the stream bed.
Urban stretches of streams often have low water quality and, added to this problem, the population concern about the scarcity of water resources is growing. Faced with the anthropic alteration of urban stretches of streams through rectification with concrete, there is a concern on the part of scientists, about the modification of the aquatic habitat and consequent damage to the ecosystem in general. Interventionist measures to mitigate these damages are suggested in the bibliography in order to mitigate the ecological damage of the modified environment. The main objective of this work, therefore, was to verify the behavior of biological and organic factors, water and sediment, after the implementation of one-off intervention measures, with the use of biophilic techniques in urban stretches of three concrete bed streams, located in Sorocaba, SP. Measurements and / or collections of the necessary parameters were carried out to judge the conformity of the remediation methods adopted at two different points: in the intervention and upstream of the intervention, always in triplicate. For this, field visits were carried out, throughout the year 2017, to identify and catalog, among other organisms, the invertebrate fauna and the plant species community. As a result of the work, it was observed that there was spontaneous regeneration in one of the streams, however, the use of the intervention in improving water quality parameters was not very effective. Statistical analysis was used for quantitative data and the AHP method as a multicriterial analysis of the attributes considered important for the success of a project of this nature. The comparison between the three different bioengineering techniques employed was not the object of the work, as they were used in different streams with different physical characteristics and hydrological dynamics. However, it was verified, among the implemented works, which presented the best progress in the ecological intervention. As the final product of this project, the SWOT analysis was used, together with the AHP method, creating a TOWS matrix with technical proposals for projects in the future. Therefore, techniques for the intervention of urban streams are recommended, as a tool to aid the management of water resources, to improve the ecosystem of a given hydrographic basin, through low-cost and easy-to-execute interventions coupled with the involvement of the population and bodies public. For a better reach of the results, it is suggested the previous study of the stream sediment dynamics, verification of the use and occupation of the soil and the flow regime with the intention of a better choice of the biophilic techniques, as well as, better positioning and arrangement of the same in the stream bed.
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Palavras-chave
Saneamento, Desenvolvimento de recursos hídricos, River restoration, Sucessão ecológica, Sanitation, Water resources development, River restoration, Ecological succession