Caracterização e proposição de tratamento adequado a lixiviados produzidos em aterros sanitários de resíduos sólidos urbanos
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Data
2020-02-14
Autores
Destro, Guilherme Eduardo
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A natureza da problemática da gestão e do gerencialmento dos resíduos sólidos urbanos apresenta-se de tal forma queesta não é encerrada com a simples destinação destes a uma opção ambientalmente adequada, como os aterros sanitários, pois a produção do chorume nestes locais é apenas o começo de uma nova cadeia de problemas que também necessitam de soluções tecnológicas inovadoras e adequadas à realidade em que se encontram. O presente trabalho foi elaborado em dois artigos distintos. No Artigo 1, foram investigados os efeitos do lixiviado de um aterro sanitário no efluente da estação de tratamento de esgoto para a qual é descartado por amostragem e caracterização dos parâmetros físico-químicos de ambos os locais de estudo. Os resultados mostraram que o lixiviado do aterro possui potencial poluidor, encontrando-se parâmetros acima do valor permitido. Em última análise, a qualidade das águas residuais descarregadas cumpriu todos os critérios regulamentares pré-descarga para os materiais a serem enviados para o corpo d'água receptor, exceto para o parâmetro de cloreto que não está sendo tratado. O estudo também mostrou que não há regulamentação para os limites de descarga de etinilestradiol no Brasil. No Artigo 2,uma metodologia de tomada de decisão de tipologias de tratamento de lixiviados de aterro sanitário foi desenvolvida a partir de revisão bibliográfica e sistemas baseados em lógica fuzzy para fins de recomendação das alternativas mais adequadas de tratamento. Para tanto, foram desenvolvidos quatro modelos a partir de instrumentos que utilizam modelagem em lógica fuzzy a partir da ferramenta Matlab® e então avaliados para um cenário real, com dados oriundos de um aterro sanitário municipal. Os modelos aplicados retornaram alternativas de tratamentos adequadas para os cenários propostos, de modo que as mesmas podem ser consideradas mais adequadas que a situação atual existente.
The urban solid waste managment issue is presented in such a way that it does not finish with the waste's destination to an environmentally safe option such as landfills. The production of leachate in these places is only the beginning of a new chain of problems that also needs innovative and technological solutions that are appropriate to the reality in which they occur. In this way, the present work was elaborated in two distinct articles. The first article investigated the effects of leachate on the effluent of the sewage treatment plant to which it is disposed of by sampling and characterizing the physicochemical parameters of both study sites. The results showed that the landfill leachate has a polluting potential, which were found parameters above the allowed value. Ultimately, the discharged wastewater quality met all of the pre-discharge regulatory criteria for materials being sent to a receiving water body, except for the chloride parameter, which is not being treated at all. The study also found there is no regulamentation for ethinylestradiol discharge limits in Brazil. In the second article, a decision-making methodology for landfill leachate treatment typologies was developed based on a bibliographic review and systems based on fuzzy logic for the purpose of recommending the most appropriate treatment alternatives. For this objective, four models were developed from fuzzy logic instruments using Mathlab® tool and then evaluated for a real scenario, with data from a municipal landfill. The applied models returned suitable treatment alternatives for the proposed scenarios, so that they can be considered more adequate than the current existing situation.
The urban solid waste managment issue is presented in such a way that it does not finish with the waste's destination to an environmentally safe option such as landfills. The production of leachate in these places is only the beginning of a new chain of problems that also needs innovative and technological solutions that are appropriate to the reality in which they occur. In this way, the present work was elaborated in two distinct articles. The first article investigated the effects of leachate on the effluent of the sewage treatment plant to which it is disposed of by sampling and characterizing the physicochemical parameters of both study sites. The results showed that the landfill leachate has a polluting potential, which were found parameters above the allowed value. Ultimately, the discharged wastewater quality met all of the pre-discharge regulatory criteria for materials being sent to a receiving water body, except for the chloride parameter, which is not being treated at all. The study also found there is no regulamentation for ethinylestradiol discharge limits in Brazil. In the second article, a decision-making methodology for landfill leachate treatment typologies was developed based on a bibliographic review and systems based on fuzzy logic for the purpose of recommending the most appropriate treatment alternatives. For this objective, four models were developed from fuzzy logic instruments using Mathlab® tool and then evaluated for a real scenario, with data from a municipal landfill. The applied models returned suitable treatment alternatives for the proposed scenarios, so that they can be considered more adequate than the current existing situation.
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Palavras-chave
Meio Ambiente, Saneamento, Aterro Sanitário, Chorume, Lógica Fuzzy, Sanitary Landfill