Ferramentas para a conservação do bagre sapo pseudopimelodus mangurus: domesticação e aplicação de biotecnologias
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Data
2020-01-28
Autores
Shiguemoto, Gustavo Fonseca
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Ações voltadas para a conservação da biodiversidade aquática incluem medidas que visam assegurar a reconstituição de espécies em risco em seus ambientes naturais. Neste trabalho foram investigadas ferramentas para a conservação e exploração do bagre sapo Pseudopimelodus mangurus, espécie listada no Livro Vermelho da Fauna Ameaçada do Estado de São Paulo, focando em aspéctos de domesticação para o cultivo inédito da espécie em ambientes atrificiais, incluindo o dominio dos manejos alimentar e reprodutivo, bem como a aplicação de biotecnologias reprodutivas e constituição de banco genético in vivo e ex situ. Esse trabalho esta dividido em dois capítulos. No primeiro capítulo a domesticação de P. mangurus foi conduzida em três experimentos: o primeiro relacionado ao manejo nutricional e manutenção em cativeiro de espécimes selvagens adultos que foram mantidos em ambiente artificial entre as estações reprodutivas; o segundo avaliando a capacidade reprodutiva e eficiência do manejo reprodutivo entre animais selvagens e animais mantidos em ambiente artificial entre as estações reprodutivas; e o terceiro, treinamento alimentar em juvenis de P. mangurus. No segundo capítulo, a rastreabilidade de células germinativas primordiais (CGPs) no desenvolvimento embrionário inicial de bagre sapo P. mangurus, utilizando o método de hibridização in situ por montagem total (WISH), é descrita. Essa biotécnica permite que sequências específias de nucleotideos sejam detectadas em organismos morfologicamente preservados, possibilitando, entre outras finalidades, identificar e elucidar o padrão espaço temporal de migração de CGPs no desenvolvimento embrionário em P. mangurus. As CGPs possuem relevante papel no processo reprodutivo de inúmeras espécies e vem sendo alvo de notáveis esforços de compreensão que viabilizam sua aplicação em diversas biotecnologias reprodutivas, como quimerismo germinativo e criopreservação, que podem ser utilizadas na conservação da diversidade biológica.
Actions aimed at the conservation of aquatic biodiversity include measures that aim to ensure the restoration of species at risk in their natural environments. In this work, tools for the conservation and exploitation of the marbled catfish Pseudopimelodus mangurus, a species listed in the Red Book of Endangered Fauna of the State of São Paulo, were investigated, focusing on aspects of domestication for the unprecedented cultivation of the species in artificial environments, including domain the food and reproductive manegement, as well as the application of reproductive biotechnologies and constitution of genetic bank in vivo and ex situ. This work is divided into two chapters. In the first chapter, the domestication of P. mangurus was carried out in three experiments: the first related to the nutritional management and maintenance in captivity of wild adult specimens that were kept in an artificial environment between the breeding seasons; the second, evaluating the reproductive capacity and efficiency of reproductive management between wild animals and animals kept in an artificial environment between breeding seasons; and the third, food training in juveniles of P. mangurus. In the second chapter, the traceability of primordial germ cells (PGCs) in the initial embryonic development of marbled catfish P. mangurus, using the in situ hybridization method by whole mount (WISH), is described. This biotechnology allows specific sequences of nucleotides to be detected in morphologically preserved organisms, allowing, among other purposes, to identify and elucidate the temporal space pattern of PGCs migration in P. mangurus embryonic development. PGCs play an important role in the reproductive process of innumerable species and have been the target of notable efforts to understand that enable their application in several reproductive biotechnologies, such as germinative chimerism and cryopreservation, which can be used in the conservation of biological diversity.
Actions aimed at the conservation of aquatic biodiversity include measures that aim to ensure the restoration of species at risk in their natural environments. In this work, tools for the conservation and exploitation of the marbled catfish Pseudopimelodus mangurus, a species listed in the Red Book of Endangered Fauna of the State of São Paulo, were investigated, focusing on aspects of domestication for the unprecedented cultivation of the species in artificial environments, including domain the food and reproductive manegement, as well as the application of reproductive biotechnologies and constitution of genetic bank in vivo and ex situ. This work is divided into two chapters. In the first chapter, the domestication of P. mangurus was carried out in three experiments: the first related to the nutritional management and maintenance in captivity of wild adult specimens that were kept in an artificial environment between the breeding seasons; the second, evaluating the reproductive capacity and efficiency of reproductive management between wild animals and animals kept in an artificial environment between breeding seasons; and the third, food training in juveniles of P. mangurus. In the second chapter, the traceability of primordial germ cells (PGCs) in the initial embryonic development of marbled catfish P. mangurus, using the in situ hybridization method by whole mount (WISH), is described. This biotechnology allows specific sequences of nucleotides to be detected in morphologically preserved organisms, allowing, among other purposes, to identify and elucidate the temporal space pattern of PGCs migration in P. mangurus embryonic development. PGCs play an important role in the reproductive process of innumerable species and have been the target of notable efforts to understand that enable their application in several reproductive biotechnologies, such as germinative chimerism and cryopreservation, which can be used in the conservation of biological diversity.
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Palavras-chave
Bagre (peixe), Biotecnologia, Conservação biodiversidade, Domesticação, Reprodução peixes