Efeitos da intervenção de sessões de mídias cinematográficas nos estados de humor em idosos
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Data
2020-03-02
Autores
Carmo, Elisangela Gisele do
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Muitos estudos já têm utilizado a tecnologia referente a filmes como forma de auxiliar em tratamentos, como os da cinematerapia, tendo em vista seu impacto em diversos aspectos da área terapêutica. Entretanto, pouco se conhece sobre a potencialidade desse recurso como expressão combinada de uma rede de atributos, os quais podem desencadear inúmeros estímulos audiovisuais, tendo como base o referencial da Psicologia Positiva, podendo impactar nas funções cognitivas e nos estados de humor em idosos. Este estudo, de natureza qualiquantitativa, tem como objetivo investigar o efeito de sessões de mídias cinematográficas nos estados de humor e em algumas funções cognitivas, relacionadas à memória, à atenção e à percepção, de idosos saudáveis e com sintomas depressivos. O estudo alia pesquisas bibliográfica e exploratória. A pesquisa exploratória foi desenvolvida por meio da aplicação bifásica, sendo antes do início da exibição do filme (pré-filme) e após o término do mesmo (pósfilme), de três instrumentos para a coleta de dados: Questionário com entrevista estruturada de caracterização da amostra contendo 1 pergunta (pré-filme) e 4 perguntas (pós-filme), Lista de Estados de Ânimo Reduzida e Ilustrada (LEA-RI) (VOLP, 2000) e a Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)-versão abreviada de 15 itens (ALMEIDA; ALMEIDA, 1999). A amostra de conveniência foi constituída por 216 idosos, com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos, de ambos os sexos, residentes em Rio Claro-SP. Foram utilizados quatro filmes, dos gêneros biografia e drama, selecionados a partir dos estudos da Psicologia Positiva. Os dados coletados foram analisados de duas formas: de modo qualitativo, utilizando-se a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo, na perspectiva de Bardin (2016) e com o uso do programa MAXQDA Analytics Pro versão 18.1.1 e, de modo quantitativo, utilizando o programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS)-versão 25.0. A metodologia aplicada é viável para a população idosa e proporciona benefícios positivos, especialmente àqueles com sintomas depressivos, ou com diagnóstico de depressão. Percebeu-se com o estudo, que as pessoas idosas se identificam com os personagens dos filmes e trazem estas experiências para suas vidas, sendo uma fonte de inspiração e incentivo para suas atividades cotidianas. Ademais, a exploração dos estados de humor nesta população é uma forma bastante válida de compreensão dos mecanismos emocionais decorrentes desta fase da vida. Os fatores emocionais e reais proporcionados pelos filmes têm um impacto sobre o comportamento das pessoas idosas, motivando o estabelecimento da cooperação e permitindo reflexões acerca de temas fora de seu cotidiano, contribuindo para novos olhares.
Many studies have already used the technology related to films as an auxiliary way of treatments, such as the ones of the cinema therapy due to its effectiveness in several therapeutic aspects. However, little is known about the potentiality of this resource as a combined expression in a network of attributes, which may trigger innumerable audiovisual stimuli, based on the Positive Psychology reference and, may impact the efficiency of cognitive functions and mood states in seniors. The present quali-quantitative study aims to investigate the effect of cinematographic media sessions in the mood state and cognitive performance related to memory and attention in healthy elderly with depressive symptoms. The study will combine bibliographic and exploratory research, which will be developed through biphasic technique, before the beginning of the film (pre-test) and after the end of the film (post-test). Three instruments for data collection will be used: Structured interview questionnaire, The Reduced and Illustrated States List (LEA-RI) (VOLP, 2000) and, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), abbreviated version of 15 items (ALMEIDA; ALMEIDA, 1999). The convenience sample consisted of 216 elderly people, aged 60 years or over, of both genders, residing in Rio Claro-SP. Four films were used, from the genre’s biography and drama, selected from the studies of Positive Psychology. The data collected were analyzed in two ways: qualitatively, using the Content Analysis technique, from the perspective of Bardin (2016) and using the MAXQDA Analytics Pro version 18.1.1 program and, quantitatively, using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program - version 25.0. The applied methodology is feasible for the elderly population and provides positive benefits, especially for those with depressive symptoms, or with a diagnosis of depression. It was noticed with the study, that the elderly people identify with the characters in the films and bring these experiences to their lives, being a source of inspiration and encouragement for their daily activities. In addition, the exploration of mood states in this population is a very valid way of understanding the emotional mechanisms arising from this phase of life. The emotional and real factors provided by the films have an impact on the behavior of the elderly, motivating the establishment of cooperation and allowing reflections on themes outside their daily lives, contributing to new perspectives.
Many studies have already used the technology related to films as an auxiliary way of treatments, such as the ones of the cinema therapy due to its effectiveness in several therapeutic aspects. However, little is known about the potentiality of this resource as a combined expression in a network of attributes, which may trigger innumerable audiovisual stimuli, based on the Positive Psychology reference and, may impact the efficiency of cognitive functions and mood states in seniors. The present quali-quantitative study aims to investigate the effect of cinematographic media sessions in the mood state and cognitive performance related to memory and attention in healthy elderly with depressive symptoms. The study will combine bibliographic and exploratory research, which will be developed through biphasic technique, before the beginning of the film (pre-test) and after the end of the film (post-test). Three instruments for data collection will be used: Structured interview questionnaire, The Reduced and Illustrated States List (LEA-RI) (VOLP, 2000) and, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), abbreviated version of 15 items (ALMEIDA; ALMEIDA, 1999). The convenience sample consisted of 216 elderly people, aged 60 years or over, of both genders, residing in Rio Claro-SP. Four films were used, from the genre’s biography and drama, selected from the studies of Positive Psychology. The data collected were analyzed in two ways: qualitatively, using the Content Analysis technique, from the perspective of Bardin (2016) and using the MAXQDA Analytics Pro version 18.1.1 program and, quantitatively, using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program - version 25.0. The applied methodology is feasible for the elderly population and provides positive benefits, especially for those with depressive symptoms, or with a diagnosis of depression. It was noticed with the study, that the elderly people identify with the characters in the films and bring these experiences to their lives, being a source of inspiration and encouragement for their daily activities. In addition, the exploration of mood states in this population is a very valid way of understanding the emotional mechanisms arising from this phase of life. The emotional and real factors provided by the films have an impact on the behavior of the elderly, motivating the establishment of cooperation and allowing reflections on themes outside their daily lives, contributing to new perspectives.
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Tecnologia, Cinematerapia, Psicologia positiva, Estados de umor, Idosos, Technologies, Cinematherapy, Positive psychology, Mood states, Elderly