Produtividade e qualidade da batata em resposta ao manejo da adubação nitrogenada
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Data
2020-03-06
Autores
Assunção, Natália Silva
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A otimização do manejo da adubação nitrogenada com fornecimento do nitrogênio (N) no período de maior demanda pelas plantas pode ser uma estratégia para maximizar a produtividade e a qualidade de tubérculos na cultura da batata (Solanum tuberosum L.). Dessa forma, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a produtividade e a qualidade físico-química e nutricional dos tubérculos das cultivares de batata Agata e Markies submetidas a diferentes formas de manejo da adubação nitrogenada tradicional combinada com a aplicação de doses de N na fase de enchimento de tubérculos. Foram conduzidos quatro experimentos, com as cultivares Agata e Markies durante a safra de inverno dos anos de 2017 e 2018. A área de 2018 não foi a mesma do ano anterior, e ambos experimentos localizavam-se em áreas comerciais de produção de batata em Botucatu-SP. O delineamento experimental adotado em todos experimentos foi em blocos ao acaso com esquema fatorial 4 x 4, com quatro repetições. As formas de manejo da adubação nitrogenada tradicional foram: M1 = 160 kg ha-1 de N no plantio; M2 = 80 kg ha-1 de N no plantio; M3 = 40 kg ha-1 de N no plantio e 120 kg ha-1 de N na amontoa; M4 = 80 kg ha-1 de N no plantio e 80 kg ha-1 de N na amontoa, combinadas com as doses de 0, 20, 40 e 80 kg ha-1 de N aplicadas na fase de enchimento dos tubérculos. As formas de manejo da adubação nitrogenada tradicional combinadas com as doses de N na fase de enchimento de tubérculos, não causaram deficiência de N nas plantas de batata em ambas cultivares, quando a amostragem foliar foi realizada na época indicada para a cultura. Na cultivar Markies a aplicação de N na fase de enchimento de tubérculos aumentou os teores foliares de N. As formas de aplicação da adubação nitrogenada tradicional e o fornecimento de N na fase de enchimento de tubérculos, para as cultivares Agata e Markies, tiveram pouca influência sobre a produtividade e as características físico-químicas e nutricional dos tubérculos. A cultivar Markies apresentou-se mais responsiva a aplicação de N fertilizante para os parâmetros produtivos, de modo que a aplicação de 160 kg ha-1 de N apenas no plantio ou parcelada igualmente entre o plantio e a amontoa tendeu a apresentar melhores produtividade de tubérculos. A cultivar Agata apresentou produtividades relativamente menores, apenas quando aplicado 80 kg ha-1 de N apenas no plantio. Sob as condições de cultivo desse trabalho, o fornecimento de N na fase de enchimento de tubérculos não demonstrou ser eficiente em incrementar a produtividade e qualidade de tubérculos de ambas cultivares avaliadas.
Optimizing the management of nitrogen (N) fertilization with supply of N in the period of greatest demand for plants can be a strategy to maximize the yield and quality of tubers in the potato crop (Solanum tuberosum L.). Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the yield and the physico-chemical and nutritional quality of the tubers of potato cultivars Agata and Markies submitted to different forms of management of traditional N fertilization combined with N application rates at the tuber bulking stage. Four experiments were conducted with the cultivars Agata and Markies during the winter growing season of the 2017 and 2018 years. The 2018 area was not the same as the previous year, and both experiments were located in potato producer areas in Botucatu-SP. The experimental design adopted in all experiments was in randomized blocks with a 4 x 4 factorial scheme, with four replications. The forms of management of traditional N fertilization were: M1 = 160 kg N ha-1 at planting; M2 = 80 kg N ha-1 at planting; M3 = 40 kg N ha-1 at planting plus 120 kg N ha-1 at hilling; M4 = 80 kg N ha-1 at planting plus 80 kg N ha-1 at hilling, combined with rates of 0, 20, 40, and 80 kg N ha-1 applied at tuber bulking stage. The forms of traditional N fertilization management combined with the N rates at tuber bulking stage did not cause N deficiency in potato plants in both cultivars, when leaf sampling was performed at the time indicated for the crop. In the cultivar Markies, application of N at tuber bulking stage increased the leaf N concentration. The forms of application of traditional N fertilization and the supply of N at tuber bulking stage, for the cultivars Agata and Markies, had little influence on the yield and the physico-chemical and nutritional characteristics of the tubers. The cultivar Markies was more responsive to the application of N fertilizer for the yield parameters, so that the application of 160 kg N ha-1 only at planting or evenly splited between the planting and the hilling showed better tuber yield. The cultivar Agata showed relatively lower yields when 80 kg N ha-1 was applied only at planting. Under the conditions of cultivation of this work, supply of N at tuber bulking stage did not show to be efficient in increasing the yield and quality of tubers of both evaluated cultivars.
Optimizing the management of nitrogen (N) fertilization with supply of N in the period of greatest demand for plants can be a strategy to maximize the yield and quality of tubers in the potato crop (Solanum tuberosum L.). Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the yield and the physico-chemical and nutritional quality of the tubers of potato cultivars Agata and Markies submitted to different forms of management of traditional N fertilization combined with N application rates at the tuber bulking stage. Four experiments were conducted with the cultivars Agata and Markies during the winter growing season of the 2017 and 2018 years. The 2018 area was not the same as the previous year, and both experiments were located in potato producer areas in Botucatu-SP. The experimental design adopted in all experiments was in randomized blocks with a 4 x 4 factorial scheme, with four replications. The forms of management of traditional N fertilization were: M1 = 160 kg N ha-1 at planting; M2 = 80 kg N ha-1 at planting; M3 = 40 kg N ha-1 at planting plus 120 kg N ha-1 at hilling; M4 = 80 kg N ha-1 at planting plus 80 kg N ha-1 at hilling, combined with rates of 0, 20, 40, and 80 kg N ha-1 applied at tuber bulking stage. The forms of traditional N fertilization management combined with the N rates at tuber bulking stage did not cause N deficiency in potato plants in both cultivars, when leaf sampling was performed at the time indicated for the crop. In the cultivar Markies, application of N at tuber bulking stage increased the leaf N concentration. The forms of application of traditional N fertilization and the supply of N at tuber bulking stage, for the cultivars Agata and Markies, had little influence on the yield and the physico-chemical and nutritional characteristics of the tubers. The cultivar Markies was more responsive to the application of N fertilizer for the yield parameters, so that the application of 160 kg N ha-1 only at planting or evenly splited between the planting and the hilling showed better tuber yield. The cultivar Agata showed relatively lower yields when 80 kg N ha-1 was applied only at planting. Under the conditions of cultivation of this work, supply of N at tuber bulking stage did not show to be efficient in increasing the yield and quality of tubers of both evaluated cultivars.
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Palavras-chave
Solanum tuberosum L., Dose de nitrogênio, Época de aplicação, Qualidade de fritura, Qualidade nutricional, Nitrogen rate, Time of application, Frying quality, Nutritional quality